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Notepad++: Un Percorso di Taint Analysis alla Scoperta di Tre Vulnerabilità High
Indice 1. Introduzione Notepad++ è uno degli editor di testo più diffusi su Windows, con oltre 28 milioni di download. Il suo codebase è interamente open source e scritto in C++, il che lo rende un target ideale per l’analisi statica della sicurezza. Questo writeup documenta la scoperta di tre vulnerabilità di Remote Code Execution individuate tramite taint analysis del codice sorgente di PowerEditor (v8.9.5). Tutte e tre condividono la stessa causa radice: i dati letti da file di configurazione XML fluiscono direttamente nell’API Windows ShellExecute senza alcuna validazione, whitelist o controllo di integrità. File coinvolti: %APPDATA%\Notepad++\config.xml → CVE-2026-48778 %APPDATA%\Notepad++\shortcuts.xml → CVE-2026-48800 2. Setup: Caricamento del Codebase L’analisi è partita estraendo l’archivio PowerEditor.zip dal repository ufficiale di Notepad++ e mappandone la struttura: PowerEditor/└── src/ ├── Parameters.cpp (~8000 righe — caricamento config, parsing XML) ├── NppCommands.cpp (dispatch comandi — handler IDM_*) ├── NppXml.h (wrapper pugixml) ├── WinControls/ │ ├── StaticDialog/RunDlg/RunDlg.cpp (Command::run → ShellExecute) │ └── shortcut/shortcut.h (classe UserCommand) └── MISC/ ├── PluginsManager/PluginsManager.cpp └── Process/Processus.cpp Il layer di parsing XML è gestito da un sottile wrapper attorno a pugixml definito in NppXml.h: // NppXml.h — il wrapper su pugixmlnamespace NppXml{ using Document = pugi::xml_document*; using Element = pugi::xml_node; using Node = pugi::xml_node; [[nodiscard]] inline bool loadFileShortcut(Document doc, const wchar_t* filename) { return doc->load_file(filename, pugi::parse_cdata | pugi::parse_escapes | pugi::parse_comments | pugi::parse_declaration); } // La funzione source chiave — legge il valore di un nodo testo [[nodiscard]] inline const char* value(Node node) { return node.value(); // raw pugi::xml_node::value() }} Ogni chiamata a NppXml::value() è una potenziale sorgente di taint: restituisce dati stringa grezzi da un file XML su disco, interamente controllabile da chiunque abbia scritto quel file per ultimo. 3. Modello di Minaccia e Superficie d’Attacco Cosa può controllare un attacker? Notepad++ conserva la propria configurazione in %APPDATA%\Notepad++\. Questa directory è scrivibile da qualsiasi processo in esecuzione con la stessa utenza — senza bisogno di privilegi elevati. Un attacker può scrivere in questi file tramite: Il vettore -settingsDir= è particolarmente insidioso: l’attacker fornisce una directory autonoma con file XML malevoli. Il vero %APPDATA%\Notepad++ della vittima non viene mai toccato. Qual è il sink? Il sink di esecuzione è ShellExecute, chiamato in RunDlg.cpp:221: // RunDlg.cpp — Command::run() HINSTANCE res = ::ShellExecute(hWnd, L”open”, cmd2Exec, // ← percorso dell’eseguibile args2Exec, // ← argomenti cwd2Exec, // ← directory di lavoro SW_SHOW); cmd2Exec deriva da _cmdLine, che è lo stato interno dell’oggetto Command. La domanda è: cosa popola _cmdLine? 4. Fase 1: Taint Analysis con Semgrep Poiché la CLI di CodeQL richiede un progetto Windows compilabile, ho utilizzato Semgrep 1.163.0 con regole personalizzate per tracciare i flussi di dati da NppXml::value() a ShellExecute. Regole Semgrep Sono state scritte sette regole che coprono flussi diretti, propagazione attraverso string2wstring e sink di memory corruption: rules: - id: npp-commandline-interpreter-xml severity: ERROR message: > [EXEC_RCE][src:XML_CONFIG] _commandLineInterpreter letto da config.xml tramite NppXml::value, usato come eseguibile in Command::run() -> ShellExecute. languages: [cpp] pattern-either: - pattern: | const char* $CLI = NppXml::value($NODE); ... _nppGUI._commandLineInterpreter = string2wstring($CLI); - id: npp-xml-value-to-shellexecute severity: ERROR message: > [EXEC_RCE][src:XML_CONFIG] NppXml::value() raggiunge ShellExecute. languages: [cpp] pattern-either: - pattern: | $VAR = NppXml::value(...); ... ShellExecute(..., $VAR, ...); - pattern: | $VAR = NppXml::value(...); ... ShellExecuteW(..., $VAR, ...); - id: npp-wcscpy-path-overflow severity: WARNING message: > [MEM_CORRUPTION] wcscpy/wcscat su buffer fisso con path proveniente da XML. languages: [cpp] pattern-either: - pattern: std::wcscpy($DEST, $SRC) - pattern: wcscpy($DEST, $SRC) Esecuzione dell’Analisi semgrep \ --config npp_rce_taint.yml \ --json \ --no-git-ignore \ --timeout 120 \ --jobs 4 \ PowerEditor/src/ \ > raw_results.json Risultati: 3 finding Semgrep + 8 finding grep-assisted = 11 totali Dopo deduplicazione e assegnazione delle priorità, i finding sono stati esportati in CSV con severity, categoria del sink, categoria della source e flusso di taint per ogni voce. 5. Fase 2: Verifica Manuale dei Finding Ciascuno degli 11 finding è stato verificato manualmente sul codice sorgente. Risultato: I due pattern di falso positivo più interessanti: pluginsAdmin.cpp:704 chiama securityGuard.checkModule() prima di LoadLibraryEx, eseguendo la verifica completa Authenticode + SHA256 — correttamente protetto. Processus.cpp:25 viene istanziato esclusivamente per l’auto-updater (wingup), anch’esso verificato con securityGuard.checkModule() prima dell’esecuzione. 6. CVE-2026-48778: config.xml → ShellExecute La Source In Parameters.cpp, la funzione che carica config.xml itera su tutti i nodi . Quando trova name=”commandLineInterpreter”, legge il contenuto testuale senza alcuna validazione: // Parameters.cpp:6424-6435 — loadGUIConfig()// else if (std::strcmp(nm, "commandLineInterpreter") == 0){ NppXml::Node cmdLineInterpreterNode = NppXml::firstChild(childNode); if (cmdLineInterpreterNode) { const char* cli = NppXml::value(cmdLineInterpreterNode); // ← SOURCE if (cli && cli[0]) _nppGUI._commandLineInterpreter = string2wstring(cli); // ← PROPAGATE }} Il valore di default (definito in Parameters.h) è %COMSPEC%, che si espande in C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe. Il tag è pensato per consentire agli utenti di sostituire la shell con PowerShell o un’alternativa. Non esiste alcuna validazione del valore accettato. La Propagazione _commandLineInterpreter vive nella struct NppGUI ed è accessibile globalmente tramite NppParameters::getInstance().getNppGUI(). Ogni volta che l’utente attiva IDM_FILE_OPEN_CMD, NppCommands.cpp crea un oggetto Command direttamente da questo valore: // NppCommands.cpp:227-231case IDM_FILE_OPEN_CMD:{ Command cmd(NppParameters::getInstance() .getNppGUI()._commandLineInterpreter.c_str()); // ← PROPAGATE cmd.run(_pPublicInterface->getHSelf(), L"$(CURRENT_DIRECTORY)"); // ← avvia l'esecuzione}break; Il Sink Command::run() in RunDlg.cpp elabora _cmdLine attraverso l’espansione delle variabili d’ambiente e poi chiama ShellExecute: // RunDlg.cpp:197-221 — Command::run()wchar_t cmd2Exec[MAX_PATH]{};wchar_t args[MAX_PATH]{};// Separa eseguibile dagli argomentiextractArgs(cmdPure, MAX_PATH, args, MAX_PATH, _cmdLine.c_str());// Espande %VARIABILI_AMBIENTE%int nbTchar = ::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(cmdPure, cmdIntermediate, MAX_PATH);// Espande $(VARIABILI_NPP)expandNppEnvironmentStrs(cmdIntermediate, cmd2Exec, MAX_PATH, hWnd);expandNppEnvironmentStrs(argsIntermediate, args2Exec, args2ExecLen, hWnd);// ← SINK: cmd2Exec è interamente controllato dall'attackerHINSTANCE res = ::ShellExecute(hWnd, L"open", cmd2Exec, args2Exec, cwd2Exec, SW_SHOW); Non esiste alcun sanitizer tra la lettura dell’XML e la chiamata a ShellExecute. Flusso di Taint Completo config.xml PAYLOAD │ ▼ Parameters.cpp:6430 NppXml::value(cmdLineInterpreterNode) ← SOURCE │ ▼ Parameters.cpp:6432 _nppGUI._commandLineInterpreter = string2wstring(cli) │ ▼ NppCommands.cpp:228 Command cmd(_commandLineInterpreter.c_str()) │ ▼ NppCommands.cpp:229 cmd.run(hWnd, L”$(CURRENT_DIRECTORY)”) │ ▼ RunDlg.cpp:203-215 extractArgs() → ExpandEnvironmentStrings() → expandNppEnvironmentStrs() │ ▼ RunDlg.cpp:221 ShellExecute(hWnd, “open”, cmd2Exec, …) ← SINK Trigger: Menu → File → Apri cartella file → Prompt dei Comandi 7. CVE-2026-48800: shortcuts.xml → ShellExecute La Source In Parameters.cpp, feedUserCmds() analizza la sezione di shortcuts.xml. Il contenuto testuale di ogni tag viene letto con NppXml::value() e memorizzato in un oggetto UserCommand: // Parameters.cpp:3655-3664 — feedUserCmds()NppXml::Node aNode = NppXml::firstChild(childNode); // nodo testoif (aNode){ const char* cmdStr = NppXml::value(aNode); // ← SOURCE if (cmdStr) { const auto cmdID = ID_USER_CMD + static_cast (_userCommands.size()); _userCommands.emplace_back(sc, cmdStr, cmdID); // ← PROPAGATE in UserCommand._cmd _runMenuItems.emplace_back(cmdID, string2wstring(sc.getName()), string2wstring(fdnm)); }} La classe UserCommand conserva la stringa del comando grezza: // shortcut.h:317-322class UserCommand : public CommandShortcut { friend class NppParameters;public: UserCommand(const Shortcut& sc, const char* cmd, int id) : CommandShortcut(sc, id), _cmd(cmd) { _canModifyName = true; } const char* getCmd() const { return _cmd.c_str(); } // ← restituisce il valore XML grezzoprivate: std::string _cmd;}; La Propagazione Quando l’utente clicca una voce del menu Esegui corrispondente a un UserCommand, NppCommands.cpp smista l’esecuzione: // NppCommands.cpp:4261-4265const vector & theUserCommands = (NppParameters::getInstance()).getUserCommandList();UserCommand ucmd = theUserCommands[i];Command cmd(string2wstring(ucmd.getCmd(), CP_UTF8)); // ← PROPAGATE: XML → Commandcmd.run(_pPublicInterface->getHSelf()); // ← avvia l'esecuzione Il Sink Identico a CVE-2026-48778 — lo stesso percorso Command::run() → ShellExecute in RunDlg.cpp:221. Flusso di Taint Completo shortcuts.xml PAYLOAD │ ▼ Parameters.cpp:3658 NppXml::value(aNode) = cmdStr ← SOURCE │ ▼ Parameters.cpp:3662 _userCommands.emplace_back(sc, cmdStr, cmdID) │ ▼ shortcut.h:321 UserCommand::getCmd() → _cmd.c_str() │ ▼ NppCommands.cpp:4264 Command cmd(string2wstring(ucmd.getCmd(), CP_UTF8)) │ ▼ NppCommands.cpp:4265 cmd.run(_pPublicInterface->getHSelf()) │ ▼ RunDlg.cpp:221 ShellExecute(hWnd, “open”, cmd2Exec, …) ← SINK Trigger: Menu → Esegui → [nome del comando iniettato] Persistenza: la voce iniettata sopravvive ai riavvii di NPP e appare come una normale voce nel menu Esegui, rendendo questo flusso particolarmente adatto per stabilire persistenza. 8. Proof of Concept Payload PoC: config.xml (CVE-2026-48778) Sostituire il tag commandLineInterpreter in %APPDATA%\Notepad++\config.xml: calc.exe Payload PoC: shortcuts.xml (CVE-2026-48800) Iniettare una voce dentro in %APPDATA%\Notepad++\shortcuts.xml: calc.exe Il Vettore d’Attacco -settingsDir= Il meccanismo di delivery più insidioso non richiede alcuna modifica ai file esistenti della vittima: create_evil_lnk.ps1 $lnk = $WshShell.CreateShortcut(“Notepad++.lnk”) $lnk.TargetPath = “C:\Program Files\Notepad++\notepad++.exe” $lnk.Arguments = “-settingsDir=”C:\attacker\evil_config”” $lnk.IconLocation = “C:\Program Files\Notepad++\notepad++.exe,0” $lnk.Save() Il file .lnk risultante ha l’icona di Notepad++, lancia il binario legittimo notepad++.exe, ma carica tutta la configurazione dalla directory controllata dall’attacker. Il vero %APPDATA%\Notepad++ della vittima non viene mai toccato. Verifica Statica È stato scritto uno script Python per verificare l’esistenza dei flussi di taint nel codice sorgente senza richiedere Windows né un binario NPP compilato: verify_flows.py — verifica statica dei flussi di taintdef verify_rce001(src: Path) -> VulnVerification: params = src / "Parameters.cpp" nppcmd = src / "NppCommands.cpp" rundlg = src / "WinControls/StaticDialog/RunDlg/RunDlg.cpp" # SOURCE hits = find_line(str(params), r'NppXml::value\(cmdLineInterpreterNode\)') # PROPAGATE hits = find_line(str(params), r'_commandLineInterpreter\s*=\s*string2wstring') hits = find_line(str(nppcmd), r'Command\s+cmd\(.*_commandLineInterpreter') # SINK hits = find_line(str(rundlg), r'ShellExecute\(.*cmd2Exec') # SANITIZER CHECK — se trovato, segna come PATCHED sanitizers = find_line(str(params), r'_commandLineInterpreter.*whitelist|validate.*commandLine') Eseguito sul sorgente v8.9.5: $ python3 verify_flows.py PowerEditor/src/ NPP-RCE-001: VULNERABLE — 4/4 nodi del flusso confermati, 0 sanitizer NPP-RCE-002: VULNERABLE — 5/5 nodi del flusso confermati, 0 sanitizer Exit code: 2 9. Analisi della Fix e Rischio Residuo Notepad++ v8.9.6.1 ha introdotto un controllo sulle directory attendibili per il sink di esecuzione: prima di chiamare ShellExecute, il percorso dell’eseguibile risolto viene validato contro una whitelist di directory trusted (C:\Windows\System32, C:\Windows, C:\Program Files, C:\Program Files (x86)). Copertura in v8.9.6.1: La fix copriva gli scenari di injection diretta più comuni ma era aggirabile tramite Living Off The Land Binaries (LOLBin) e un path traversal nel controllo stesso delle directory trusted. Entrambi i vettori di bypass sono documentati e risolti nella sezione 10 (CVE-2026-52884). 10. CVE-2026-52884: Bypass via Path Traversal e LOLBin Advisory: GHSA-p58x-r3c9-x9p6 Versione affetta: Notepad++ v8.9.6.1 Versione patchata: v8.9.6.2 CVSS: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H = 7.8 HIGH CWE: CWE-42 (Path Traversal) / CWE-59 (Improper Link Resolution) Credits: Michele Piccinni, Trung Nguyen, Noman Nasir Minhas, Vibhum Dubey Descrizione La funzione isInTrustedDirectory() introdotta in v8.9.6.1 (RunDlg.cpp) valida il percorso dell’eseguibile contro una whitelist di directory trusted prima di chiamare ShellExecute. Tuttavia, il controllo usa un confronto prefisso (PathIsPrefix()) senza canonicalizzare il path prima, permettendo due distinti vettori di bypass. Causa Radice // VULNERABILE — RunDlg.cpp (v8.9.6.1)bool isInTrustedDirectory(const wchar_t* path) { const wchar_t* trustedDirs[] = { L"C:\\Program Files\\", L"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\", L"C:\\Windows\\System32\\", L"C:\\Windows\\" }; for (auto& trusted : trustedDirs) { if (PathIsPrefix(trusted, path)) // BUG: nessuna canonicalizzazione return true; } return false;} Bypass 1 — Path Traversal (CWE-42) Una sequenza ..\..\ dopo un prefisso trusted supera PathIsPrefix() risolvendo comunque in una posizione non trusted: Bypass 2 — LOLBin via Launcher Trusted (CWE-59) I binari in System32 superano il check eseguendo codice arbitrario tramite i propri argomenti: Flusso di Taint shortcuts.xml C:\Windows\System32\..\..\Users\victim\malware.exe │ ▼ Parameters.cpp:3658 NppXml::value(aNode) ← SOURCE (identico a CVE-2026-48800) │ ▼ NppCommands.cpp:4264 Command cmd(string2wstring(ucmd.getCmd(), CP_UTF8)) │ ▼ RunDlg.cpp isInTrustedDirectory(cmd2Exec) ← CHECK PREFISSO SENZA CANONICALIZZAZIONE │ PathIsPrefix(“C:\\Windows\\System32\\”, │ “C:\\Windows\\System32\\..\\..\\Users\\victim\\malware.exe”) │ → restituisce TRUE (bypass!) ▼ RunDlg.cpp:221 ShellExecute(hWnd, “open”, cmd2Exec, …) ← SINK, nessun avviso La Fix (commit ea15088) // FIXATO — RunDlg.cpp (v8.9.6.2)bool isInTrustedDirectory(const wchar_t* path) { wchar_t canonicalPath[MAX_PATH] = {}; // Risolve tutti .., . e separatori ridondanti PRIMA if (!PathCanonicalize(canonicalPath, path)) return false; // ORA controlla contro le directory trusted const wchar_t* trustedDirs[] = { L"C:\\Program Files\\", L"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\", L"C:\\Windows\\System32\\", L"C:\\Windows\\" }; for (auto& trusted : trustedDirs) { if (PathIsPrefix(trusted, canonicalPath)) return true; } return false;} Dopo la canonicalizzazione, C:\Windows\System32\..\..\Users\victim\malware.exe si risolve in C:\Users\victim\malware.exe — che fallisce il controllo trusted e mostra correttamente il popup di avviso. Il bypass LOLBin e coperto dal controllo di integrita HMAC su shortcuts.xml: qualsiasi comando iniettato esternamente — indipendentemente dal percorso dell’eseguibile — attiva un avviso di tampering al momento dell’esecuzione. 11. Timeline di Responsible Disclosure L’intero processo dalla segnalazione iniziale all’advisory pubblico ha richiesto 7 giorni — un tempo di risposta notevolmente rapido per un progetto gestito da un singolo sviluppatore. Don Ho è stato reattivo e professionale durante l’intero processo. 12. Conclusioni Queste vulnerabilità mettono in evidenza un pattern comune nella sicurezza delle applicazioni desktop: i confini di fiducia attorno ai file di configurazione sono spesso impliciti e non documentati. Notepad++ verifica correttamente le firme dei plugin (SecurityGuard.checkModule() con Authenticode + SHA256 in pluginsAdmin.cpp) e le firme degli installer degli aggiornamenti, ma non ha applicato una protezione equivalente ai propri file di configurazione XML. La superficie d’attacco è limitata dal requisito di accesso in scrittura al file system locale, il che riduce il punteggio CVSS a 7.8 invece che a critico. Tuttavia, il vettore di delivery -settingsDir= rende lo sfruttamento completamente autonomo — nessuna modifica ai file della vittima, nessun privilegio admin richiesto, nessuna rilevazione da parte dei monitor di integrità dei file che sorvegliano %APPDATA%. Lezioni chiave per gli sviluppatori: Ogni lettura di file è una potenziale sorgente. Se un dato controllabile dall’utente può finire in un file che la tua applicazione legge all’avvio, quel dato deve essere trattato come non attendibile indipendentemente dalla posizione del file. Applica gli stessi controlli di sicurezza in modo coerente. NPP verifica correttamente le firme delle DLL dei plugin ma non il file config XML. Una postura di sicurezza inconsistente crea gap sfruttabili. ShellExecute è un sink ad alto valore. Qualsiasi flusso di dati che porta a ShellExecute, CreateProcess o LoadLibrary deve essere trattato con la stessa attenzione di una query SQL o di un comando shell. I controlli di integrità dei file sono economici. SHA-256 di un file di configurazione può essere calcolato in microsecondi e memorizzato in un file adiacente. Il costo di non farlo sono due CVE. Entrambe le vulnerabilità sono state segnalate a Don Ho seguendo un processo di responsible disclosure. La fix è stata rilasciata in Notepad++ v8.9.6.1 prima della pubblicazione di questo writeup. CVE-2026-48778: GHSA-7hm3-wp5q-ccv9 CVE-2026-48800: GHSA-3x3f-3j39-pj3v CVE-2026-52884: GHSA-p58x-r3c9-x9p6
blog.8bitsecurity.comJun 16, 2026extracted
Week in review: Firmware-level Android backdoor found on tablets, Dell zero-day exploited since 2024
Week in review: Firmware-level Android backdoor found on tablets, Dell zero-day exploited since 2024 Here’s an overview of some of last week’s most interesting news, articles, interviews and videos: Security at AI speed: The new CISO reality The CISO role has changed significantly over the past decade, but according to John White, EMEA Field CISO, Torq, the most disruptive shift is accountability driven by agentic AI. In this Help Net Security interview, White explains how security leaders must design and govern hybrid workforces where humans and AI agents operate side by side, making decisions and acting at scale. He notes that automation is moving beyond simple task execution into real-time insight and response. REMnux v8 brings AI integration to the Linux malware analysis toolkit REMnux, a specialized Linux distribution for malware analysis, has released version 8 with a rebuilt platform based on Ubuntu 24.04 and a new capability aimed at connecting AI agents directly to its toolset. Your encrypted data is already being stolen Quantum computing is often treated as a distant, theoretical cybersecurity issue. According to Ronit Ghose, Global Head, Future of Finance of Citi Institute, that mindset is already putting financial institutions at risk. The biggest misconception, he says, is that quantum threats begin on a single future Q-day, when quantum machines suddenly crack encryption. In reality, adversaries can harvest encrypted data today and decrypt it later, creating long-term exposure for banks handling sensitive identity and transaction data. SecureClaw: Dual stack open-source security plugin and skill for OpenClaw SecureClaw is an open-source project that adds security auditing and rule-based controls to OpenClaw agent environments. The tool is published by Adversa AI and is designed to work with OpenClaw and related agents such as Moltbot and Clawdbot. Everyone uses open source, but patching still moves too slowly Enterprise security teams rely on open source across infrastructure, development pipelines, and production applications, even when they do not track it as a separate category of technology. Open source has become a default building block in many environments, and the operational risks now look like standard enterprise security problems: patch delays, version sprawl, and aging platforms that stay online longer than planned. The defense industrial base is a prime target for cyber disruption Cyber threats against the defense industrial base (DIB) are intensifying, with adversaries shifting from traditional espionage toward operations designed to disrupt production capacity and compromise supply chains. In this Help Net Security interview, Luke McNamara, Deputy Chief Analyst, Google Threat Intelligence Group, explains how attackers target the broader defense ecosystem and why identity has become the new security boundary. One stolen credential is all it takes to compromise everything Attackers often gain access through routine workflows like email logins, browser sessions, and SaaS integrations. A single stolen credential can give them a quick path to move across systems when access permissions are broad and visibility is fragmented. That pattern appears across more than 750 incident response engagements covered in Unit 42’s Global Incident Response Report 2026. The CISO view of fraud risk across the retail payment ecosystem In this Help Net Security interview, Paul Suarez, VP and CISO at Casey’s, explains how his team manages patching and upgrades for fuel payment systems with long hardware lifecycles. He also discusses risks tied to QR code payments and outlines why loyalty abuse can be hard to spot. Suarez shares how Casey’s monitors payment systems across stores, corporate networks, and third-party processors. Google patches Chrome vulnerability with in-the-wild exploit (CVE-2026-2441) Google released a security update for Chrome to address a high-severity zero‑day vulnerability (CVE-2026-2441) on Friday. CVE-2026-2441 is a use-after-free bug in the CSS processing component of Google Chrome, which allows a remote attacker “to execute arbitrary code inside a sandbox via a crafted HTML page.” OpenClaw creator Peter Steinberger joins OpenAI Peter Steinberger, the Austrian software developer who vibe coded the popular OpenClaw autonomous AI agent, has joined OpenAI. The reason why Steinberger chose OpenAI to achieve this goal is, professedly, his lack of interest in building a company and his wish to “change the world” – and do it quickly. Firmware-level Android backdoor found on tablets from multiple manufacturers A new Android backdoor embedded directly in device firmware can quietly take control of apps and harvest data, Kaspersky researchers found. The malware, named Keenadu, was discovered during an investigation into earlier Android threats and appears to have been inserted during the firmware build process, not after devices reached users.  Design weaknesses in major password managers enable vault attacks, researchers say Can cloud-based password managers that claim “zero-knowledge encryption” keep users’ passwords safe even if their encrypted-vault servers are compromised? Researchers at ETH Zurich and Università della Svizzera italiana set out to answer that question, and the answer is (unfortunately) no. Notepad++ secures update channel in wake of supply chain compromise Notepad++, the popular text and source code editor for Windows whose update mechanism was hijacked last year, has been updated to prevent similar attacks in the future. The hijacking of the update mechanism was confirmed earlier this month by Notepad++ maintainer Don Ho. Scammers exploit trust in Atlassian Jira to target organizations Threat actors have leveraged legitimate email notification feature of Atlassian Jira to deliver localized scam emails at scale. From late December 2025 through late January 2026, victims were targeted with spam emails from legitimate-looking Atlassian Jira Cloud addresses. China-linked hackers exploited Dell zero-day since 2024 (CVE-2026-22769) A suspected China-linked cyberespionage group has been covertly exploiting a critical zero-day flaw (CVE-2026-22769) in Dell’s RecoverPoint for Virtual Machines software since at least mid-2024, according to new research from Google’s threat intelligence team and Mandiant. The attackers deployed stealthy backdoors (BRICKSTORM and GRIMBOLT), a webshell (SLAYSTYLE) and maintained long-term access inside targeted networks. Bug in widely used VoIP phones allows stealthy network footholds, call interception (CVE-2026-2329) A critical security vulnerability (CVE-2026-2329) in Grandstream VoIP phones could let hackers remotely take full control of the devices and even intercept calls, Rapid7 researchers discovered. Data on 1.2 million French bank accounts accessed in registry breach In late January 2026, a malicious intruder accessed France’s national bank account registry, FICOBA, enabling them to view information tied to 1.2 million accounts, the Ministry of the Economy and Finance disclosed on Wednesday. TV5 Monde reported that the perpetrator (or perpetrators) obtained login credentials belonging to a civil cervant authorized to use the database and then used those credentials to explore its contents. Microsoft reveals critical Windows Admin Center vulnerability (CVE-2026-26119) Microsoft has disclosed a privilege-escalation vulnerability in Windows Admin Center (WAC), a browser-based platform widely used by IT administrators and infrastructure teams to manage Windows clients, servers, clusters, Hyper-V hosts and virtual machines, as well as Active Directory-joined systems. Criminals create business website to sell RAT disguised as RMM tool A RAT masquerading as legitimate remote monitoring and management (RMM) software is being sold to cybercriminals as a service, Proofpoint researchers recently discovered. The fake RMM tool, called TrustConnect, was being marketed via an LLM-created website parked on trustconnectsoftware[.]com, supposedly belonging to “TrustConnect Software PTY LTD”. LockBit 5.0 ransomware expands its reach across Windows, Linux, and ESXi The Acronis Threat Research Unit (TRU) has identified a new and significantly enhanced version of the LockBit ransomware, LockBit 5.0, currently being deployed in active campaigns. The latest variant demonstrates expanded cross-platform capabilities, enabling attackers to target Windows, Linux, and VMware ESXi systems within a single coordinated attack. Don’t panic over CISA’s KEV list, use it smarter In this Help Net Security video, Tod Beardsley, VP of Security Research at runZero, explains what CISA’s Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) Catalog is and how security teams should use it. He shares his perspective as a former section chief for KEV at CISA and breaks down common misunderstandings about what the list represents. Cybersecurity in cross-border logistics operations In this Help Net Security video, Dieter Van Putte, CTO at Landmark Global, discusses how cybersecurity has become a core part of global supply chain operations. He explains that logistics is now also about data moving between carriers, customs authorities, warehouses, brokers, and customers. That constant flow increases risk and expands the attack surface. In GitHub’s advisory pipeline, some advisories move faster than others GitHub Security Advisories are used to distribute vulnerability information in open-source projects and security tools. A new study finds that only a portion of those advisories ever pass through GitHub’s formal review process. Android 17 beta brings privacy, security, and performance changes Google has released the first beta of Android 17, giving developers an early view of changes to core app behavior, platform tooling, performance, media handling, and connectivity. The company plans to move quickly from this beta toward the Platform Stability milestone, targeted for March, where final APIs and behavior definitions for apps will be delivered. UK sets course for stricter AI chatbot regulation The UK government has announced immediate action to force AI chatbot providers to comply with laws requiring online platforms to protect children from illegal and harmful content. Providers that fail to meet these duties will face legal consequences. Microsoft equips CISOs and AI risk leaders with a new security tool Microsoft released Security Dashboard for AI in public preview for enterprise environments. The dashboard aggregates posture and real-time risk signals from Microsoft Defender, Microsoft Entra, and Microsoft Purview into a single view within security tools. Phobos ransomware affiliate arrested in Poland Officers from Poland’s Central Bureau for Combating Cybercrime (CBZC) detained a 47-year-old man suspected of creating, acquiring, and sharing computer programs used to unlawfully obtain information stored in computer systems. He faces a potential prison sentence of up to five years. Pressure builds on Grok AI, Ireland launches investigation The Irish Data Protection Commission (DPC) opened an investigation into X over concerns that its Grok AI chatbot was used to generate sexualized deepfakes. The investigation focuses on the apparent creation and publication of potentially harmful, non-consensual intimate or sexualised images on X using generative AI tools linked to the platform’s Grok LLM. Claude Sonnet 4.6 launches with improved coding and expanded developer tools Anthropic released Claude Sonnet 4.6, marking its second major AI launch in less than two weeks. According to Anthropic, Sonnet 4.6 delivers improved coding skills to more users. Tasks that once required an Opus-class model, including economically valuable office work, are handled by Sonnet 4.6. The model also brings improvements in computer use capabilities compared to earlier Sonnet versions. Attackers keep finding the same gaps in security programs Attackers keep getting in, often through the same predictable weak spots: identity systems, third-party access, and poorly secured perimeter devices. A new threat report from Barracuda based on Managed XDR telemetry from 2025 shows that many successful incidents still start with basic access and configuration failures, not advanced malware. Microsoft signals breakthrough in data storage that can last for generations Microsoft announced progress on Project Silica, its research initiative focused on developing durable, long-term quartz glass-based data storage technology. Rising global data volumes increase the need for storage that can last for generations. Researchers believe this technology could preserve information for up to 10,000 years. UK sounds alarm on rising cyber risks to businesses The UK government launched a national campaign urging businesses to strengthen basic cyber defenses. The initiative follows new figures highlighting the scale of the threat. Serious cyber incidents cost businesses an average of £195,000, with about half of small firms experiencing one in the past 12 months, officials say. Open-source benchmark EVMbench tests how well AI agents handle smart contract exploits EVMbench is a new open-source benchmark designed to test AI agents on practical smart contract security tasks. The benchmark was developed by OpenAI and Paradigm, and it focuses on real-world vulnerability patterns drawn from audited codebases and contest reports. Adidas investigates alleged data breach affecting 815,000 records Adidas confirmed it is investigating a possible data breach involving one of its third-party customer service providers. The company stated that there is no indication its IT infrastructure, e-commerce platforms, or consumer data were impacted by the incident. Poland restricts Chinese-made cars at protected military sites Poland’s military leadership has decided that cars manufactured in the People’s Republic of China will no longer cross the gates of sensitive military bases. The decision follows a risk analysis focused on the growing integration of digital systems in cars and the potential for uncontrolled acquisition and use of data by those systems. 651 arrested, $4.3 million recovered in African cybercrime sweep Operation Red Card 2.0, supported by INTERPOL and involving law enforcement agencies from 16 African countries, led to 651 arrests and the recovery of more than $4.3 million from online scams. Running from 8 December 2025 to 30 January 2026, the operation targeted networks behind high-yield investment fraud, mobile money scams and fraudulent loan applications that caused more than $45 million in losses. Man gets five years for aiding North Korean IT employment scam Ukrainian national Oleksandr Didenko, 29, was sentenced in U.S. District Court to 5 years in prison for an identity theft scheme that enabled North Korean workers to secure fraudulent employment. Ex-Google engineers charged with orchestrating high-tech secrets extraction A federal grand jury has indicted three Silicon Valley engineers on charges in a scheme to steal trade secrets from Google and other leading technology companies. MOS: Open-source modular OS for servers and homelabs A growing number of homelab builders and small server operators are testing an open source operating system that combines basic server management, storage control, and container services under a web interface. MOS is a free modular OS built on a Devuan base that provides a web UI and API for system monitoring, storage pooling, container orchestration, and virtualization. Apple privacy labels often don’t match what Chinese smart home apps do Smart home devices in many homes collect audio, video, and location data. The apps that control those devices often focus on the account owner, even when the technology also captures guests, neighbors, and other people who never agreed to be monitored. New research examined whether Chinese smart home apps provide privacy protections for these bystanders. Vim 9.2 adds scripting updates, diff improvements, and experimental Wayland support Vim 9.2 adds a range of incremental changes focused on scripting, usability, and cross-platform support. The update includes improvements to completion behavior, expanded Vim9 language features, and new options for diff mode. ChatGPT gets new security feature to fight prompt injection attacks OpenAI has introduced Lockdown Mode and Elevated Risk labels in ChatGPT to help users and organizations reduce the risk of prompt injection attacks and other advanced security threats, particularly when using features that interact with external systems. OT teams are losing the time advantage against industrial threat actors In many industrial environments, internet-facing gateways, remote access appliances, and boundary systems sit close enough to production networks that attackers can move from IT intrusion to operational disruption with limited resistance. Dragos’ 2026 OT/ICS Year in Review describes a threat landscape where adversaries are spending more time learning how physical processes work and less time treating OT access as a passive foothold. AWS coding agents gain new plugin support across development tools AI coding assistants have become a routine part of many development workflows, helping engineers write, test, and deploy code from IDEs or command line interfaces. One recent change in this ecosystem makes it possible for those agents to interact with AWS in a broader set of ways by adding a library of plugins that give agents specific AWS knowledge and actions. Microsoft Defender update lets SOC teams manage, vet response tools Microsoft introduced library management in Microsoft Defender to help security analysts working with live response manage scripts and tools they use to triage, investigate and remediate threats. The library management interface allows analysts to organize their investigation tools and manage everything without waiting for an active session. Consumers feel less judged by AI debt collectors Debt collection agencies are starting to use automated voice systems and AI-driven messaging to handle consumer calls. These systems help scale outreach, reduce call center staffing demands, and offer 24/7 service. A new study covering 11 European countries found that this shift changes how consumers emotionally experience debt collection, especially around stigma and empathy. Men sentenced to 8 years in $1.3 million computer intrusion and tax fraud scheme Matthew A. Akande, a Nigerian national, was sentenced by a U.S. District Court to eight years in prison, followed by three years of supervised release, for his role in a scheme to break into Massachusetts tax preparation firms’ computer networks and file fraudulent tax returns. The operation generated over $1.3 million in fraudulent tax refunds. Public mobile networks are being weaponized for combat drone operations On June 1, 2025, Ukraine launched drone strikes on five Russian airfields, damaging or destroying aircraft. More than 100 explosive drones used mobile networks to transmit data, receive instructions, and send images. Enea researchers analyzed the growing use of mobile-connected drones in conflict and the implications for national infrastructure. PromptSpy: First Android malware to use generative AI in its execution flow ESET researchers have discovered PromptSpy, the first known Android malware to abuse generative AI as part of its execution flow in order to achieve persistence. This marks the first time generative AI has been deployed in this way. Uptime Kuma: Open-source monitoring tool Service availability monitoring remains a daily operational requirement across IT teams, SaaS providers, and internal infrastructure groups. Many environments rely on automated checks and alerting to track outages, latency issues, and service degradation across web applications and network endpoints. Uptime Kuma is an open-source uptime monitoring project that supports this type of operational monitoring through a self-hosted deployment model. Quantum security is turning into a supply chain problem Supplier onboarding, invoice processing, and procurement platforms run on encrypted data flows that were built for long-term trust. In many organizations, that trust still depends on cryptographic standards like RSA and elliptic curve cryptography (ECC), even as security teams begin planning for a post-quantum world. A recent apexanalytix research report argues that supply chain leaders are already operating inside a quantum risk window, even though large-scale quantum computing remains years away. LINK“>Google cleans house, bans 80,000 developer accounts from the Play Store Google prevented more than 1.75 million policy-violating apps from being published on Google Play and banned over 80,000 developer accounts that attempted to publish harmful apps in 2025. Developer verification, mandatory pre-review checks, and testing requirements in the Google Play ecosystem have reduced entry points for bad actors. LLMs change their answers based on who’s asking AI chatbots may deliver unequal answers depending on who is asking the question. A new study from the MIT Center for Constructive Communication finds that LLMs provide less accurate information, increase refusal rates, and sometimes adopt a different tone when users appear less educated, less fluent in English, or from particular countries. Applying green energy tax policies to improve cybersecurity For years, governments have focused only on the stick of compliance when they could leverage the carrot of tax incentives. Theoretically, compliance fines and penalties should act as a deterrent that improves accountability and reduces data breaches. However, many vendors often assume compliance risk rather than securing data effectively. The era of the Digital Parasite: Why stealth has replaced ransomware For years, ransomware encryption signaled a breach. When systems locked up, defenders knew an attack had occurred. Data from Picus Security’s Red Report 2026 shows attackers shifting their strategy from disruption to persistence. Cybersecurity jobs available right now: February 17, 2026 We’ve scoured the market to bring you a selection of roles that span various skill levels within the cybersecurity field. Check out this weekly selection of cybersecurity jobs available right now. New infosec products of the week: February 20, 2026 Here’s a look at the most interesting products from the past week, featuring releases from Compliance Scorecard, Impart Security, Redpanda, and Virtana.
helpnetsecurity.comFeb 22, 2026extracted
Notepad++ secures update channel in wake of supply chain compromise
Notepad++ secures update channel in wake of supply chain compromise Notepad++, the popular text and source code editor for Windows whose update mechanism was hijacked last year, has been updated to prevent similar attacks in the future. Security hardening of Notepad++ The hijacking of the update mechanism was confirmed earlier this month by Notepad++ maintainer Don Ho. The attackers were able to intercept communications between the updater client and the Notepad++ update servers, allowing them to deliver and run a malicious update in place of a legitimate one. The attack took advantage of several weaknesses: Before Notepad++ v8.8.8 (released on November 18, 2025), the XML file containing the download URL for the update was not signed, which allowed attackers to make the software’s auto-updater (WinGUp) download an update from a domain that’s not Notepad++’s GitHub repository Before Notepad++ v8.8.9 (released on December 9, 2025), WinGUp would not verify the code signing certificate and validate the signature on the downloaded installer before starting the update With Monday’s release of Notepad++ v8.9.2, the maintainer has implemented verification of the signed XML file that instructs the updater where to look for the update, thus finalizing the security hardening started in v8.8.8. The security enhancements of the update process introduced in v8.8.9 and v8.9.2 (Source: Notepad++) According to Ho, the verification of the signed XML and of the signed installer downloaded from github.com has made the Notepad++ update process “effectively unexploitable.” Alongside this major hardening, WinGUp has been further strengthened by removing the libcurl.dll dependency to eliminate DLL side-loading risk, disabling two insecure cURL SSL options, and restricting plugin management execution to programs signed with the same certificate as WinGUp. All Notepad++ users should upgrade to this latest version as soon as possible. Would-be users are urged to download the software only from the software’s official GitHub repository or from the software’s official page, because fake downloads of Notepad++ from spoofed Notepad++ websites are commonly used by cybercriminals to distribute a variety of malware. The Notepad++ supply chain compromise Notepad++’s supply chain compromise happened in June 2025, when the software project’s shared hosting server was hacked. The attackers lost access to it in early Septemeber 2025, when its kernel and firmware were updated, but they had the credentials for the project’s internal services on that server until early December 2025. Rapid7 and Kaspersky researchers analyzed the malicious update and execution chains mounted in the interim by the attackers, and found that they resulted in the installation of Cobalt Strike Beacon payloads and/or the Chrysalis bakcdoor to establish command and control communication. While it was initially believed that the attackers only targeted organizations in Southeast Asia and South America, Palo Alto Networks discovered that organizations in the US and Europe also received malicious updates. Subscribe to our breaking news e-mail alert to never miss out on the latest breaches, vulnerabilities and cybersecurity threats. Subscribe here!
helpnetsecurity.comFeb 18, 2026extracted
Notepad++ Fixes Hijacked Update Mechanism Used to Deliver Targeted Malware
Notepad++ has released a security fix to plug gaps that were exploited by an advanced threat actor from China to hijack the software update mechanism to selectively deliver malware to targets of interest. The version 8.9.2 update incorporates what maintainer Don Ho calls a "double lock" design that aims to make the update process "robust and effectively unexploitable." This includes verification of the signed installer downloaded from GitHub (implemented in version 8.8.9 and later), as well as the newly added verification of the signed XML returned by the update server at notepad-plus-plus[.]org. In addition to these enhancements, security-focused changes have been introduced to WinGUp, the auto-updater component - Removal of libcurl.dll to eliminate DLL side-loading risk Removal of two unsecured cURL SSL options: CURLSSLOPT_ALLOW_BEAST and CURLSSLOPT_NO_REVOKE Restriction of plugin management execution to programs signed with the same certificate as WinGUp The update also addresses a high-severity vulnerability (CVE-2026-25926, CVSS score: 7.3) that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the running application. "An Unsafe Search Path vulnerability (CWE-426) exists when launching Windows Explorer without an absolute executable path," Ho said. "This may allow execution of a malicious explorer.exe if an attacker can control the process working directory. Under certain conditions, this could lead to arbitrary code execution in the context of the running application." The development comes weeks after Notepad++ disclosed that a breach at the hosting provider level enabled threat actors to hijack update traffic starting June 2025 and redirect requests from certain users to malicious servers to serve a poisoned update. The issue was detected in early December 2025. According to Rapid7 and Kaspersky, the tampered updates enabled the attackers to deliver a previously undocumented backdoor dubbed Chrysalis. The supply chain incident, tracked under the CVE identifier CVE-2025-15556 (CVSS score: 7.7), has been attributed to a China-nexus hacking group called Lotus Panda. The attack is assessed to have targeted individuals and organizations located in Vietnam, El Salvador, Australia, the Philippines, the U.S., South America, and Europe, spanning cloud hosting, energy, financial, government, manufacturing, and software development sectors, per data from Kaspersky and Palo Alto Networks Unit 42. Notepad++ users are recommended to update to version 8.9.2, and make sure that the installers are downloaded from the official domain.
thehackernews.comFeb 18, 2026extracted
Week in review: Notepad++ supply chain attack details and targets, Patch Tuesday forecast
Week in review: Notepad++ supply chain attack details and targets, Patch Tuesday forecast Here’s an overview of some of last week’s most interesting news, articles, interviews and videos: Global Threat Map: Open-source real-time situational awareness platform Global Threat Map is an open-source project offering security teams a live view of reported cyber activity across the globe, pulling together open data feeds into a single interactive map. It visualizes indicators such as malware distribution, phishing activity, and attack traffic by geographic region. How state-sponsored attackers hijacked Notepad++ updates Suspected Chinese state-sponsored attackers hijacked the Notepad++ update mechanism by compromising the software project’s shared hosting server and intercepting and redirecting update traffic destined for notepad-plus-plus.org, the software’s maintainer Don Ho confirmed on Monday. ShinyHunters flip the script on MFA in new data theft attacks Multi-factor authentication (MFA) is supposed to defend against phishing attacks, but threat actors operating under the ShinyHunters banner are using it as a pretext in ongoing social engineering attacks aimed at bypassing it. Notepad++ supply chain attack: Researchers reveal details, IoCs, targets Rapid7 researchers have attributed the recent hijacking of the Notepad++ update mechanism to Lotus Blossom (aka Billbug), a Chinese state-sponsored group known for targeting organizations in Southeast Asia for espionage purposes. Russian hackers are exploiting recently patched Microsoft Office vulnerability (CVE-2026-21509) Russian state-sponsored hackers Fancy Bear (aka APT 28) are exploiting CVE-2026-21509, a Microsoft Office vulnerability for which Microsoft released an emergency fix last week. Why a decade-old EnCase driver still works as an EDR killer Attackers are leaning on a new EDR killer malware that can shut down 59 widely used endpoint security products by misusing a kernel driver that once shipped with Guidance Software’s EnCase digital forensics tool, Huntress researchers warn. This particular driver is legitimate but its certificate expired and was revoked more than ten years ago. Even so, Windows still allows it to load. CISA confirms exploitation of VMware ESXi flaw by ransomware attackers CVE-2025-22225, a VMware ESXi arbitrary write vulnerability, is being used in ransomware campaigns, CISA confirmed on Wednesday by updating the vulnerability’s entry in its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog. Ransomware attackers are exploiting critical SmarterMail vulnerability (CVE-2026-24423) For the third time in two weeks, CISA added a vulnerability (CVE-2026-24423) affecting SmarterTools’ SmarterMail email and collaboration server to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog, and this one is being exploited in ransomware attacks. CISA orders US federal agencies to replace unsupported edge devices The US Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) issued a new binding operational directive aimed at reducing a long-standing cyber risk across federal networks: outdated “edge devices” that are not longer supported by vendors and aren’t receiving timely security updates. How Secure by Design helps developers build secure software Security isn’t just a feature, it’s a foundation. As cyber threats grow more sophisticated and regulations tighten, developers are being asked to do more than just write clean code. They’re being asked to build software that’s secure by design throughout its lifetime. Why boards must prioritize non-human identity governance Boards of Directors (BoDs) do three things exceptionally well when cyber is framed correctly. They set risk appetite, they allocate capital, and they demand evidence that the business can withstand disruption without losing momentum. Open-source AI pentesting tools are getting uncomfortably good AI has come a long way in the pentesting world. We are now seeing open-source tools that can genuinely mimic how a human tester works, not just fire off scans. I dug into three of them, BugTrace-AI, Shannon, and CAI, the Cybersecurity AI framework, and put them up against real-world targets in a lab environment. The results were better than I expected. February 2026 Patch Tuesday forecast: Lots of OOB love this month Valentine’s Day is just around the corner and Microsoft has been giving us a lot of love with a non-stop supply of patches starting with January 2026 Patch Tuesday. The January releases addressed 92 vulnerabilities in Windows 11 and Server2025, as well as 79 vulnerabilities for Windows 10 and its associated servers. We also saw updates for legacy 2016 versions of Microsoft Office and even a SQL Server update. But these patches came with some problems because there were updates to address reported issues not long thereafter. What boards need to hear about cyber risk, and what they don’t In this Help Net Security video, Rishi Kaushal, CIO at Entrust, explains how security leaders should talk to the board about cyber risk. He focuses on what matters to board members and what does not. Why incident response breaks down when it matters most In this Help Net Security video, Jon David, Managing Director, NR Labs, discusses why incident response often breaks down during a breach. Drawing on years of experience watching real attackers operate across many industries, he walks through what tends to fail once pressure sets in. The hidden cost of putting off security decisions In this Help Net Security video, Hanah Darley, Chief AI Officer, Geordie AI, talks about how putting off security risk decisions creates long-term costs that often stay hidden. Drawing on her work with CISOs and security leaders, she shows how delayed choices around visibility, vulnerability management, and risk assessment lead to blind spots that grow over time. Pompelmi: Open-source secure file upload scanning for Node.js Software teams building services in JavaScript are adding more layers of defense to handle untrusted file uploads. An open-source project called Pompelmi aims to insert malware scanning and policy checks directly into Node.js applications before files reach storage or business logic. Where NSA zero trust guidance aligns with enterprise reality The NSA has published Phase One and Phase Two of its Zero Trust Implementation Guidelines, providing structured guidance for organizations working to implement zero trust cybersecurity practices. The documents are part of a larger series designed to support adoption of zero trust frameworks aligned with the Department of Defense target-level maturity model. Microsoft sets a path to switch off NTLM across Windows Windows is shifting to a more secure authentication approach, moving away from New Technology LAN Manager (NTLM) and toward stronger, Kerberos-based options. Firefox to let users manage and block AI features Mozilla will add a set of controls in Firefox that let users manage and block GenAI features in the desktop browser. The controls will be included in Firefox version 148 on February 24, 2026. Each of these AI features is optional and can be turned on or off independently through the controls. Apple Xcode 26.3 adds coding agent support from OpenAI and Anthropic Apple released Xcode 26.3 with new agentic coding capabilities designed to let AI systems carry out development tasks inside the IDE. The release supports agents such as Anthropic’s Claude Agent and OpenAI’s Codex. Incognito dark web drug market operator gets 30 years in prison Rui-Siang Lin, a Taiwanese national, was sentenced to 30 years in U.S. federal prison for operating Incognito Market, one of the world’s largest illicit online narcotics marketplaces. Cybersecurity planning keeps moving toward whole-of-society models National governments already run cybersecurity through a mix of ministries, regulators, law enforcement, and private operators that own most critical systems. In that environment, guidance circulating among policymakers outlines how national cybersecurity strategies increasingly tie together risk management, workforce planning, technology standards, and coordination across sectors. AI is driving a new kind of phishing at scale Email remains a primary entry point for attackers, and security teams continue to manage high volumes of malicious messages that change form across campaigns. Attackers generate large numbers of messages with small variations in wording, structure, and delivery paths. Smart glasses are back, privacy issues included AI smart glasses are the latest addition to fashion, and they include a camera, a microphone, AI, and privacy risks. After Google Glass failed to gain traction more than a decade ago, the category is seeing renewed interest as companies redesign the technology to look like ordinary eyewear. Microsoft brings project-focused AI agents into OneDrive Teams often rely on shared document collections to track project history, decisions, and operational knowledge. To support this workflow, Microsoft introduced Agents in OneDrive, allowing users to create AI assistants built from selected files and folders. Police shut down global DDoS operation, arrest 20-year-old Police officers from Poland’s Central Bureau for Combating Cybercrime (CBZC) have arrested a 20-year-old man suspected of carrying out global DDoS attacks targeting high-profile and strategically important websites. International sting dismantles illegal streaming empire serving millions Actions by authorities from Italy, Romania, Spain, the United Kingdom, Canada, Kosovo and South Korea, supported by Eurojust and Europol, led to the seizure of multiple illegal streaming services. OpenAI Frontier organizes AI agents under one system OpenAI introduced Frontier, a platform designed to organize AI agents that perform business tasks within internal systems and workflows. The platform connects data from multiple internal systems including customer relationship management tools, ticketing platforms, and data warehouses. This integration creates a shared knowledge layer that allows AI agents to understand business processes and decision points across departments. Claude Opus 4.6 improves agentic performance and model safety Claude Opus 4.6 builds on earlier releases with improved coding performance and more consistent behavior in complex tasks. According to Anthropic, the model applies more deliberate planning during task execution, sustains agent-driven workflows over longer periods, and operates with greater consistency across large codebases. It improves code review and debugging by identifying errors in its own output and correcting them during execution. Major vulnerabilities found in Google Looker, putting self-hosted deployments at risk Researchers at Tenable have disclosed two vulnerabilities, collectively referred to as “LookOut,” affecting Google Looker. Because the business intelligence platform is deployed by more than 60,000 organizations in 195 countries, the flaws could give attackers a path to system takeover or access to sensitive corporate data. AI is flooding IAM systems with new identities Most organizations view AI identities through the same lens used for other non-human identities, such as service accounts, API keys, and chatbots, according to The State of Non-Human Identity and AI Security report by the Cloud Security Alliance. Product showcase: 2FAS Auth – Free, open-source 2FA for iOS Online accounts usually rely on a password, but passwords alone can be weak if they’re reused, easily guessed, or stolen. Two-factor authentication (2FA) adds a second layer of verification, usually a six-digit code generated by an app on your phone. Open-source attacks move through normal development workflows Software development relies on a steady flow of third-party code, automated updates, and fast release cycles. That environment has made the software supply chain a routine point of entry for attackers, with malicious activity blending into normal build and deployment processes. A recent ReversingLabs study documents how these conditions played out across open source ecosystems during 2025, with attackers leaning on scale, trust, and automation to spread malware and harvest credentials. OpenAI releases Codex macOS app for agent-based software development OpenAI has launched the new Codex app for macOS, a dedicated workspace for managing multiple AI coding agents in parallel. The app is designed to help developers reduce repetitive work and focus on higher-level engineering tasks. Sandisk brings SPRandom to open source for large SSD testing Enterprise storage environments already run long qualification cycles as solid-state drive capacities rise and validation teams try to mirror production workloads. Preconditioning steps now consume days of lab time for a single device, especially in data centers supporting AI training, analytics, and large-scale databases. Auto finance fraud is costing dealers up to $20,000 per incident Auto retailers see fraud as a regular part of selling and financing vehicles, something that shows up often enough to plan around, according to Experian. Most fraud problems start with the borrower. Income and employment misrepresentation rank as the most common issues. Fake pay stubs, altered bank statements, and inflated job details continue to surface during loan applications. Measuring AI use becomes a business requirement Enterprise teams already run dozens of AI tools across daily work. Usage stretches from code generation and analytics to customer support drafting and internal research. Oversight remains uneven across roles, functions, and industries. A new Larridin survey of enterprise leaders places measurement and governance at the center of this operating environment. Microsoft launches LiteBox, a security-focused open-source library OS Microsoft has released LiteBox, a project intended to function as a security-focused library OS that can serve as a secure kernel for protecting a guest kernel using virtualization hardware. GitHub enables multi-agent AI coding inside repository workflows GitHub has expanded Agents HQ, enabling AI coding agents such as GitHub Copilot, Claude by Anthropic, and OpenAI Codex to execute development tasks directly within GitHub and developer editors while preserving repository context, session history, and review workflows. Mobile privacy audits are getting harder Mobile apps routinely collect and transmit personal data in ways that are difficult for users, developers, and regulators to verify. Permissions can reveal what an app can access, and privacy policies can claim what an app should do, yet neither reliably shows what data is actually collected and where it is sent during real use. Download: Tines Voice of Security 2026 report Security teams everywhere are adopting AI. Yet manual work persists, workloads are rising, and burnout continues to climb. To understand what’s really changing, Tines surveyed 1,800+ security leaders and practitioners worldwide. The findings show where AI is delivering value, how security roles are evolving, the barriers holding teams back, and how to thrive in 2026. Cybersecurity jobs available right now: February 3, 2026 We’ve scoured the market to bring you a selection of roles that span various skill levels within the cybersecurity field. Check out this weekly selection of cybersecurity jobs available right now. New infosec products of the week: February 6, 2026 Here’s a look at the most interesting products from the past week, featuring releases from Avast, Fingerprint, Gremlin, and Socure.
helpnetsecurity.comFeb 8, 2026extracted
La Cina attacca Notepad++, aggiornamenti malevoli usati per operazioni di cyber spionaggio
La società di sicurezza Rapid7 ha attribuito l’operazione al gruppo Lotus Blossom, attivo da anni in attività di intelligence e già noto per operazioni a supporto di Pechino. I bersagli individuati rientrano in settori strategici come governi, telecomunicazioni, aviazione, infrastrutture critiche e media. Aggiornamenti software dirottati per mesi per distribuire malware mirato. È quanto accaduto a Notepad++, uno degli editor di testo open source più diffusi al mondo, secondo quanto confermato dal suo sviluppatore Don Ho in una nota ufficiale dell’azienda. L’attacco, avvenuto tra giugno e dicembre 2025, sarebbe riconducibile ad attori legati al governo cinese e avrebbe colpito un numero ristretto ma selezionato di organizzazioni. Ho ha spiegato che diversi analisti di sicurezza hanno individuato somiglianze nei payload malware e nei pattern di attacco compatibili con operazioni di cyber spionaggio attribuite alla Cina. Un’ipotesi che, secondo lo sviluppatore, chiarisce la natura altamente selettiva della campagna. La società di sicurezza Rapid7 ha attribuito l’operazione al gruppo Lotus Blossom, attivo da anni in attività di intelligence e già noto per operazioni a supporto di Pechino. I bersagli individuati rientrano in settori strategici come governi, telecomunicazioni, aviazione, infrastrutture critiche e media. Notepad++: la vulnerabilità corretta a novembre Notepad++ è uno dei progetti open source più longevi, con oltre vent’anni di sviluppo e decine di milioni di download a livello globale. Proprio questa ampia diffusione lo rende un vettore particolarmente appetibile per attacchi alla supply chain. Secondo Kevin Beaumont, il ricercatore che ha scoperto per primo l’incidente, gli attaccanti sono riusciti a compromettere alcune organizzazioni con interessi nell’Asia orientale sfruttando versioni alterate del software. In questi casi, gli hacker avrebbero ottenuto un accesso diretto e operativo ai sistemi delle vittime. Dal punto di vista tecnico, l’origine dell’intrusione non è ancora stata chiarita del tutto. Ho ha spiegato che il sito di Notepad++ era ospitato su un server di hosting condiviso e che gli attaccanti hanno preso di mira specificamente il dominio del progetto, sfruttando una vulnerabilità per reindirizzare alcune richieste di aggiornamento verso un server malevolo sotto il loro controllo. In questo modo, solo una parte degli utenti che richiedevano l’update riceveva software compromesso. La vulnerabilità è stata corretta a novembre e l’accesso degli attaccanti è stato definitivamente bloccato a inizio dicembre. I log mostrano anche tentativi successivi di sfruttare falle già risolte, senza successo. Il caso richiama SolarWinds Il provider di hosting ha confermato la compromissione del server condiviso, senza però fornire dettagli sulle modalità iniziali dell’intrusione. Don Ho ha chiesto scusa agli utenti e li ha invitati ad aggiornare immediatamente Notepad++ all’ultima versione disponibile. L’incidente richiama alla memoria il caso SolarWinds, scoperto tra il 2019 e il 2020, quando un attacco alla supply chain consentì a gruppi di spionaggio russi di inserire una backdoor negli aggiornamenti software distribuiti a grandi aziende e agenzie governative.
cybersecitalia.itFeb 3, 2026extracted
Notepad++ Hosting Breach Attributed to China-Linked Lotus Blossom Hacking Group
A China-linked threat actor known as Lotus Blossom has been attributed with medium confidence to the recently discovered compromise of the infrastructure hosting Notepad++. The attack enabled the state-sponsored hacking group to deliver a previously undocumented backdoor codenamed Chrysalis to users of the open-source editor, according to new findings from Rapid7. The development comes shortly after Notepad++ maintainer Don Ho said that a compromise at the hosting provider level allowed threat actors to hijack update traffic starting June 2025 and selectively redirect such requests from certain users to malicious servers to serve a tampered update by exploiting insufficient update verification controls that existed in older versions of the utility. The weakness was plugged in December 2025 with the release of version 8.8.9. It has since emerged that the hosting provider for the software was breached to perform targeted traffic redirections until December 2, 2025, when the attacker's access was terminated. Notepad++ has since migrated to a new hosting provider with stronger security and rotated all credentials. Christiaan Beek, senior director of threat intelligence and analytics at Rapid7, told The Hacker News that the reported targets range from individuals to several industry sectors like telecom, government, and transportation. "Our telemetry has shown victims in APAC, and our industry peers have indicated the same region as a primary target but also reported victims in South America," Beek said. Rapid7's analysis of the incident has uncovered no evidence or artifacts to suggest that the site's plugin or updater-related mechanisms were exploited to distribute malware. "The only confirmed behavior is that execution of 'notepad++.exe' and subsequently 'GUP.exe' preceded the execution of a suspicious process 'update.exe' which was downloaded from 95.179.213.0," security researcher Ivan Feigl said. "Update.exe" is a Nullsoft Scriptable Install System (NSIS) installer that contains multiple files - An NSIS installation script BluetoothService.exe, a renamed version of Bitdefender Submission Wizard that's used for DLL side-loading (a technique widely used by Chinese hacking groups) BluetoothService, encrypted shellcode (aka Chrysalis) log.dll, a malicious DLL that's sideloaded to decrypt and execute the shellcode Chrysalis is a bespoke, feature-rich implant that gathers system information and contacts an external server ("api.skycloudcenter[.]com") to likely receive additional commands for execution on the infected host. The command-and-control (C2) server is currently offline. However, a deeper examination of the obfuscated artifact has revealed that it's capable of processing incoming HTTP responses to spawn an interactive shell, create processes, perform file operations, upload/download files, and uninstall itself. "Overall, the sample looks like something that has been actively developed over time," Rapid7 said, adding it also identified a file named "conf.c" that's designed to retrieve a Cobalt Strike beacon by means of a custom loader that embeds Metasploit block API shellcode. One such loader, "ConsoleApplication2.exe" is noteworthy for its use of Microsoft Warbird, an undocumented internal code protection and obfuscation framework, to execute shellcode. The threat actor has been found to copy and modify an already existing proof-of-concept (PoC) published by German cybersecurity company Cirosec in September 2024. Rapid7's attribution of Chrysalis to Lotus Blossom (aka Billbug, Bronze Elgin, Lotus Panda, Raspberry Typhoon, Spring Dragon, and Thrip) based on similarities with prior campaigns undertaken by the threat actor, including one documented by Broadcom-owned Symantec in April 2025 that involved the use of legitimate executables from Trend Micro and Bitdefender to sideload malicious DLLs. "While the group continues to rely on proven techniques like DLL side-loading and service persistence, their multi-layered shellcode loader and integration of undocumented system calls (NtQuerySystemInformation) mark a clear shift toward more resilient and stealth tradecraft," the company said. "What stands out is the mix of tools: the deployment of custom malware (Chrysalis) alongside commodity frameworks like Metasploit and Cobalt Strike, together with the rapid adaptation of public research (specifically the abuse of Microsoft Warbird). This demonstrates that Billbug is actively updating its playbook to stay ahead of modern detection." Kaspersky Observes 3 Infection Chains Kaspersky, in its own breakdown of the Notepad++ incident, said it observed three different infection chains that were designed to target about a dozen machines belonging to individuals located in Vietnam, El Salvador, and Australia, a government organization located in the Philippines, a financial organization located in El Salvador, and an IT service provider organization located in Vietnam. "Over the course of four months, from July to October 2025, attackers who have compromised Notepad++ have been constantly rotating C2 server addresses used for distributing malicious updates, the downloaders used for implant delivery, as well as the final payloads," security researchers Georgy Kucherin and Anton Kargin said. The company said it did not detect any payloads being deployed starting from November 2025. The details of the three infection sequences are below - Chain #1 (Between late July and early August 2025) Attackers were found to deploy a malicious Notepad++ update hosted at "45.76.155[.]202/update/update.exe," which was then launched by the legitimate Notepad++ updater process WinGUp ("gup.exe"). The executable, an NSIS installer, was used to send system information to a temp[.]sh URL by executing a series of shell commands (whoami and tasklist). This behavior was described by a user named "soft-parsley" on the Notepad++ community forums in October 2025. Like in the case of "update.exe" documented by Rapid7, the "update.exe" used in this chain leveraged DLL side-loading by abusing a legitimate binary associated with ProShow software ("ProShow.exe") to deploy two shellcodes: one that's not meant to be executed and functioned as a distraction mechanism, while the second shellcode decrypted a Metasploit downloader payload that retrieves a Cobalt Strike beacon shellcode from a remote URL. Chain #2 (Between the middle and end of September 2025) The malicious update continued to be delivered via "45.76.155[.]202/update/update.exe," while the "update.exe" NSIS installer featured slight tweaks to collect more system information (whoami, tasklist, and netstat) and deliver a completely different set of payloads, including a Lua script that's engineered to execute shellcode. The launched shellcode was a Metasploit downloader that drops a Cobalt Strike beacon. A subsequently observed "update.exe" variant towards the end of September 2025 also harvested the results of the systeminfo shell command alongside whoami, tasklist, and netstat. Another version of the binary changed the system information upload URL to self-dns.it[.]com/list, along with the URL used by the Metasploit downloader and Cobalt Strike Beacon C2 server. Chain #3 (October 2025) This infection chain altered the NSIS installer distribution URL to "45.32.144[.]255/update/update.exe" and initiated the same sequence of events described by Rapid7 above. What's common to all three sets of attacks is the fact that the Beacons are loaded through a Metasploit downloader shellcode. Then, starting mid-October 2025, the attackers began to propagate the installer via three different URLs to launch a combination of both #2 and #3 execution chains - 95.179.213[.]0/update/update.exe 95.179.213[.]0/update/install.exe 95.179.213[.]0/update/AutoUpdater.exe The compromise of Notepad++'s update infrastructure is the latest example of how the software ecosystem has increasingly become the target of supply chain attacks in recent years. In breaching the mechanism used to distribute updates, it enabled the attackers to selectively break into machines of high-profile organizations across the world, the Russian cybersecurity vendor noted. "The variety of infection chains makes detection of the Notepad++ supply chain attack quite a difficult and at the same time creative task," Kaspersky said. "The attackers made an effort to avoid losing access to this infection vector — they were spreading the malicious implants in a targeted manner, and they were skilled enough to drastically change the infection chains about once a month."
thehackernews.comFeb 3, 2026extracted
Notepad++ update feature hijacked by Chinese state hackers for months
Chinese state-sponsored threat actors were likely behind the hijacking of Notepad++ update traffic last year that lasted for almost half a year, the developer states in an official announcement today. The attackers intercepted and selectively redirected update requests from certain users to malicious servers, serving tampered update manifests by exploiting a security gap in the Notepad++ update verification controls. A statement from the hosting provider for the update feature explains that the logs indicate that the attacker compromised the server with the Notepad++ update application. External security experts helping with the investigation found that the attack started in June 2025. According the developer, the breach had a narrow targeting scope and redirected only specific users to the attacker’s infrastructure. “Multiple independent security researchers have assessed that the threat actor is likely a Chinese state-sponsored group, which would explain the highly selective targeting observed during the campaign,” reads Notepad++’s announcement. "The attackers specifically targeted Notepad++ domain with the goal of exploiting insufficient update verification controls that existed in older versions of Notepad++. " In December, Notepad++ released version 8.8.9 to address a security weakness in its WinGUp update tool after multiple researchers reported that the updater would receive malicious packages instead of legitimate ones. Security researcher Kevin Beaumont had warned that he knew of at least three organizations affected by these update hijacks, which were followed by hands-on reconnaissance activity on the network. Notepad++ is a free and open-source editor for text and source code and a popular tool on Windows, with tens of millions of users across the world. The developer now explains that the attack occurred in June 2025, when a hosting provider for the software was compromised, enabling the attackers to perform targeted traffic redirections. In early September, the attacker temporarily lost access when the server kernel and firmware were updated. However, the threat actor was able to regain its foothold by using previously obtained internal service credentials that had not been changed. This continued until December 2, 2025, when the hosting provider finally detected the breach and terminated the attacker’s access. Notepad++ has since migrated all clients to a new hosting provider with stronger security, rotated all credentials that could have been stolen by the attackers, fixed exploited vulnerabilities, and thoroughly analyzed logs to confirm that the malicious activity stopped. Following the investigation of the incident, the hosting provider rotated all secrets and issued a set of recommended actions for the Notepad++ developer to take on their part: Change credentials for SSH, FTP/SFTP, and MySQL Review WordPress admin accounts, reset passwords, and remove unnecessary users Update WordPress core, plugins, and themes, and enable automatic updates if applicable Starting from Notepad++ version 8.8.9, WinGup verifies installer certificates and signatures, and the update XML is cryptographically signed. The developer also stated that they plan to enforce mandatory certificate signature verification in version 8.9.2, which is expected to be released in about a month. BleepingComputer has contacted Don Ho, the primary developer of Notepad++ developer for indicators of compromise (IoCs) or other information that could help users determine if they were impacted. Don Ho told us that sifting through the server logs the incident response team identified signs of intrusion but no IoCs. "Our IR team and I also requested IOCs directly from the former hosting provider, but we were not successful in obtaining any," the developer told us. However, Rapid 7 researchers uncovered the campaign and attribute it to the Chinese APT group Lotus Blossom (a.k.a. Raspberry Typhoon, Bilbug, Spring Dragon) deploying "a previously undocumented custom backdoor" they named Chrysalis. Based on the large number of capabilities, the researchers believe Chrysalis is a sophisticated tool with a permanent role on the victim system. The researchers published a detailed technical analysis of the malware and note that they found no definitive artifacts to confirm exploitation of the updater-related mechanism. "The only confirmed behavior is that execution of “notepad++.exe” and subsequently “GUP.exe” preceded the execution of a suspicious process 'update.exe'," Rapid 7 says. Update [February 2nd, 12:02 EST]: Article updated with comment from Notepad++ developer Don Ho, which arrived after publishing, and details from Rapid 7's investigation. Update [February 3rd]: Article inaccurately presented the hosting provider's recommendations for the Notepad++ developer as guidance intended for affected users Overall prevention scores can hide what happens after initial access. Once attackers are using valid credentials, prevention drops sharply. The Blue Report 2026 measures defenses technique by technique across 338 million simulations run in customer production environments. Get the report
bleepingcomputer.comFeb 2, 2026extracted
How state-sponsored attackers hijacked Notepad++ updates
How state-sponsored attackers hijacked Notepad++ updates UPDATE: Notepad++ supply chain attack: Researchers reveal details, IoCs, targets Suspected Chinese state-sponsored attackers hijacked the Notepad++ update mechanism by compromising the software project’s shared hosting server and intercepting and redirecting update traffic destined for notepad-plus-plus.org, the software’s maintainer Don Ho confirmed on Monday. The attack timeline In early December 2025, security researcher Kevin Beaumont said that he knew of three organizations that have had security incidents traced back to Notepad++ processes providing the attackers initial access to the computers. “I’ve only talked to a small number of victims. They are orgs with interests in East Asia. Activity appears very targeted. Victims report hands on keyboard recon activity, with activity starting around two months ago,” he shared at the time. The attackers were able to pull off this supply chain attack by leveraging security weaknesses in Notepad++’s updater (WinGUp). Before version 8.8.8, which was released in mid-November 2025, the updater code was not hardened enough to make it impossible to change the source from which updates are downloaded. Since then, downloads can only be received from GitHub. (Also, before version 8.8.9, the updater did not validate the integrity and authenticity of the downloaded update file.) This state of affairs has been exploited by the attackers, who managed to intercept the network traffic between the updater client and the Notepad++ update infrastructure, to deliver and execute a malicious update instead of a benign one. “Because traffic to notepad-plus-plus.org is fairly rare, it may be possible to sit inside the ISP chain and redirect to a different download,” Beaumont noted in December. “To do this at any kind of scale requires a lot of resources.” Beaumont shared that the targeted organizations were telecommunications and financial services organizations in East Asia, and attributed the attacks to Chinese nation-state threat actors Zirconium, aka Violet Typhoon. The supply chain compromise apparently happened in June 2025 and, according to the software’s hosting provider, the shared hosting server remained compromised until September 2, 2025, when the attackers lost access to it after its kernel and firmware were updated. “Even though the bad actors have lost access to the server from the 2nd of September, 2025, they maintained the credentials of our internal services existing on that server until the 2nd of December, which could have allowed the malicious actors to redirect some of the traffic going to https://notepad-plus-plus.org/getDownloadUrl.php to their own servers and return the updates download URL with compromised updates,” the hosting provider told Ho. “The bad actors specifically searched for https://notepad-plus-plus.org/ domain with the goal to intercept the traffic to [the Notepad++] website, as they might know the then-existing Notepad++ vulnerabilities related to insufficient update verification controls.” The hosting provider stated that they have fixed vulnerabilities in the shared hosting server and that the threat actors “tried to re-exploit one of the fixed vulnerabilities” and failed, which seems to suggest this is how they managed to gain access the first time. Advice for organizations Ho said that since the incident: The Notepad++ website has been migrated to a new hosting provider The WinGUp updater has been enhanced so it verifies both the certificate and the signature of the downloaded installer The XML file containing the download URL for the update is now signed, and the certificate and signature verification will be enforced starting with the upcoming v8.9.2, to be released in a month. While Notepad++ is a program that’s used by IT and software development staff in many organizations around the world, it seems that this particular attack was aimed at very specific targets. That’s why, back in December, Beaumont advised organizations not to over react to the news, but to still check for: gup.exe making network requests for other than notepad-plus-plus.org, github.com and release-assets.githubusercontent.com unexpected processes spawned by the installer specific files (update.exe or AutoUpdater.exe) in the user TEMP folder. Also, given that other attackers are often peddling malware masquerading as Notepad++, to check whether the version installed on users’ computers is legitimate. “If you’re a large enterprise who package manage Notepad++ and update it, you may want to block notepad-plus-plus.org or block the gup.exe process from having internet access. You may also want to block internet access from the notepad++.exe process, unless you have robust monitoring for [third-party Notepad++] extensions,” he concluded. Subscribe to our breaking news e-mail alert to never miss out on the latest breaches, vulnerabilities and cybersecurity threats. Subscribe here!
helpnetsecurity.comFeb 2, 2026extracted
Notepad++ Supply Chain Hack Conducted by China via Hosting Provider
Notepad++ on Monday shared additional details on the supply chain attack that came to light in December 2025, saying that a threat actor likely sponsored by the Chinese government targeted some customers through its hosting provider. News of the incident broke after Notepad++ released updates designed to prevent the free source code editor’s updater from being hijacked. Security researcher Kevin Beaumont reported in early December that a handful of organizations using Notepad++ had been targeted with malicious software updates. The researcher said at the time that China-linked hackers had exploited Notepad++ to gain initial access to the systems of telecoms and financial services firms in East Asia. Notepad++ creator and maintainer Don Ho has now made public the results of an investigation conducted in collaboration with external security experts and the shared hosting provider whose services had been used at the time of the attack. “According to the analysis provided by the security experts, the attack involved infrastructure-level compromise that allowed malicious actors to intercept and redirect update traffic destined for notepad-plus-plus.org,” Ho explained. He added, “The exact technical mechanism remains under investigation, though the compromise occurred at the hosting provider level rather than through vulnerabilities in Notepad++ code itself. Traffic from certain targeted users was selectively redirected to attacker-controlled server malicious update manifests.” “Multiple independent security researchers have assessed that the threat actor is likely a Chinese state-sponsored group, which would explain the highly selective targeting observed during the campaign,” Ho noted. Information collected during the hosting provider’s investigation revealed that the attackers specifically targeted Notepad++ to intercept its users’ traffic. The provider found no evidence that other customers on the shared server were targeted. The attack appears to have started in June 2025 and the hosting firm determined that the server targeted by the hackers was compromised until September 2, when the system underwent scheduled maintenance and its kernel and firmware were updated. Nevertheless, credentials obtained by the attackers before September allowed them to maintain access to the hosting provider’s internal services until December 2. During this time frame the threat actor was able to direct traffic going to Notepad++ update servers to its own servers to deliver malware. Notepad++ has since migrated to a new hosting provider and implemented client-side changes to verify update integrity. UPDATE: Rapid7 has published a technical analysis of the attack, attributing the operation to Lotus Blossom, a China-linked cyberespionage group that has been around for well over a decade. The custom malware delivered in the attack is named Chrysalis. Related: eScan Antivirus Delivers Malware in Supply Chain Attack Related: Infostealer Malware Delivered in EmEditor Supply Chain Attack Related: ‘PackageGate’ Flaws Open JavaScript Ecosystem to Supply Chain Attacks
securityweek.comFeb 2, 2026extracted
Notepad++ Official Update Mechanism Hijacked to Deliver Malware to Select Users
The maintainer of Notepad++ has revealed that state-sponsored attackers hijacked the utility's update mechanism to redirect update traffic to malicious servers instead. "The attack involved [an] infrastructure-level compromise that allowed malicious actors to intercept and redirect update traffic destined for notepad-plus-plus.org," developer Don Ho said. "The compromise occurred at the hosting provider level rather than through vulnerabilities in Notepad++ code itself." The exact mechanism through which this was realized is currently being investigated, Ho added. The development comes a little over a month after Notepad++ released version 8.8.9 to address an issue that resulted in traffic from WinGUp, the Notepad++ updater, being "occasionally" redirected to malicious domains, resulting in the download of poisoned executables. Specifically, the problem stemmed from the way the updater verified the integrity and authenticity of the downloaded update file, allowing an attacker who is able to intercept network traffic between the updater client and the update server to trick the tool into downloading a different binary instead. It's believed this redirection was highly targeted, with traffic originating from only certain users routed to the rogue servers and fetching the malicious components. The incident is assessed to have commenced in June 2025, more than six months before it came to light. Independent security researcher Kevin Beaumont revealed that the flaw was being exploited by threat actors in China to hijack networks and deceive targets into downloading malware. The attacks, attributed to a nation-state threat actor known as Violet Typhoon (aka APT31), targeted telecommunications and financial services organizations in East Asia. In response to the security incident, the Notepad++ website has been migrated to a new hosting provider with "significantly strong practices," and the update process has been hardened with additional guardrails to ensure its integrity. "According to the former hosting provider, the shared hosting server was compromised until September 2, 2025," Ho explained. "Even after losing server access, attackers maintained credentials to internal services until December 2, 2025, which allowed them to continue redirecting Notepad++ update traffic to malicious servers."
thehackernews.comFeb 2, 2026extracted
Notepad++ fixes flaw that let attackers push malicious update files
Notepad++ version 8.8.9 was released to fix a security weakness in its WinGUp update tool after researchers and users reported incidents in which the updater retrieved malicious executables instead of legitimate update packages. The first signs of this issue appeared in a Notepad++ community forum topic, where a user reported that Notepad++'s update tool, GUP.exe (WinGUp), spawned an unknown "%Temp%\AutoUpdater.exe" executable that executed commands to collect device information. According to the reporter, this malicious executable ran various reconnaissance commands and stored the output into a file called 'a.txt.' cmd /c netstat -ano >> a.txt cmd /c systeminfo >> a.txt cmd /c tasklist >> a.txt cmd /c whoami >> a.txt The autoupdater.exe malware then used the curl.exe command to exfiltrate the a.txt file to temp[.]sh, a file and text-sharing website previously used in malware campaigns. As GUP uses the libcurl library rather than the actual 'curl.exe' command and does not collect this type of information, other Notepad++ users speculated that the user had installed an unofficial, malicious version of Notepad++ or that the autoupdate network traffic was hijacked. To help mitigate potential network hijacks, Notepad++ developer Don Ho released version 8.8.8 on November 18th, so that updates can be downloaded only from GitHub. As a stronger fix, Notepad 8.8.9 was released on December 9th, which will prevent updates from being installed that are not signed with the developer's code-signing certificate. "Starting with this release, Notepad++ & WinGUp have been hardened to verify the signature & certificate of downloaded installers during the update process. If verification fails, the update will be aborted." reads the Notepad 8.8.9 security notice. Hijacked update URLs Earlier this month, security expert Kevin Beaumont warned that he heard from three orgs that were impacted by security incidents linked to Notepad++. "I've heard from 3 orgs now who've had security incidents on boxes with Notepad++ installed, where it appears Notepad++ processes have spawned the initial access." explained Beaumont. "These have resulted in hands on keyboard threat actors." The researcher says that all of the organizations he spoke to have interests in East Asia and that the activity appeared very targeted, with victims reporting hands-on reconnaissance activity after the incidents. When Notepad++ checks for updates, it connects to https://notepad-plus-plus.org/update/getDownloadUrl.php?version= . If there is a newer version, the endpoint will return XML data that provides the download path to the latest version: yes 8.8.8 https://github.com/notepad-plus-plus/notepad-plus-plus/releases/download/v8.8.8/npp.8.8.8.Installer.exe Beaumont speculated that Notepad++'s autoupdate mechanism might have been hijacked in these incidents to push malicious updates that grant threat actors remote access. "If you can intercept and change this traffic, you can redirect the download to any location it appears by changing the URL in the property," explained Beaumont. "Because traffic to notepad-plus-plus.org is fairly rare, it may be possible to sit inside the ISP chain and redirect to a different download. To do this at any kind of scale requires a lot of resources," continued the researcher. However, Beaumont noted that it is not uncommon for threat actors to use malvertising to distribute malicious versions of Notepad++ that install malware. Notepad++'s security notice shares the same uncertainty, stating that they are still investigating how the traffic is being hijacked. "The investigation is ongoing to determine the exact method of traffic hijacking. Users will be informed once tangible evidence regarding the cause is established," reads the security notice. The developer states that all Notepad++ users should upgrade to the latest version, 8.8.9. They also noted that since v8.8.7, all official binaries and installers are signed with a valid certificate, and users who previously installed an older custom root certificate should remove it. BleepingComputer contacted Notepad++'s developer on December 3rd with questions about the incidents but did not receive a reply. Overall prevention scores can hide what happens after initial access. Once attackers are using valid credentials, prevention drops sharply. The Blue Report 2026 measures defenses technique by technique across 338 million simulations run in customer production environments. Get the report
bleepingcomputer.comDec 11, 2025extracted
Microsoft reports 7.8-rated zero day, plus 56 more in December Patch Tuesday
UPDATED Happy December Patch Tuesday to all who celebrate. This month's patch party includes one Microsoft flaw under exploitation, plus two others listed as publicly known – but just 57 CVEs in total from Redmond. There's also a fix for a critical Notepad++ bug that, according to security sleuth Kevin Beaumont, is being abused by attackers in China. Plus, software security vendors Ivanti and Fortinet both issued patches for critical security holes in their products, so those two should be high on sys-admins' and security teams' list of things to do today. Microsoft patches Let’s start our look at Microsoft's relatively quiet final patch-a-thon for 2025 by considering CVE-2025-62221, a 7.8-CVSS-rated Windows Cloud Files Mini Filter Driver vulnerability that allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. This one was exploited as a zero-day, according to Redmond, and while we don't yet know who is abusing this security hole, "privilege escalation vulnerabilities are observed in almost every incident involving host compromises, making this a critical vulnerability to patch to limit an attacker's capabilities," Kev Breen, senior director of cyber threat research at Immersive, told The Register. To exploit this bug, an attacker must already have code execution rights on the targeted system, but assuming they've already achieved this, they can then abuse CVE-2025-62221 to escalate privileges and gain system-level access. So prioritize patching this one first. The two Redmond vulnerabilities listed as publicly known but not (yet) exploited are CVE-2025-54100, a PowerShell Remote Code Execution (RCE) flaw that earned a 7.8 CVSS rating, and CVE-2025-64671, an 8.4-severity GitHub Copilot for Jetbrains bug that can lead to RCE. CVE-2025-64671 is listed as a local, but as Trend Micro's Zero Day Initiative chief bug hunter Dustin Childs, noted: "It's likely that a remote attacker could socially engineer someone to trigger the command injection.” "By exploiting a malicious cross-prompt injection in untrusted files or Model Context Protocol (MCP) servers, an attacker could piggyback extra commands onto those permitted by the user's terminal auto-approve settings, causing them to be executed without further confirmation," Childs continued. "I expect we'll see many more bugs like these in 2026." Details about all 57 CVEs are available here . Also on Tuesday, Notepad++ released v8.8.9, which fixes a critical flaw in the open-source text and source code editor for Windows. This bug was being abused to hijack traffic from WinGUp (the Notepad++ updater), redirect it to malicious servers, and then trick people into downloading malware, thinking they're downloading the latest software release. The fix followed security researchers' reports (including this one from Beaumont) about hijacking incidents, and in a social media post on Tuesday Beaumont said attackers from China were poking holes in the flaw. According to the project's maintainer, Don Ho, the review of these reports "led to identification of a weakness in the way the updater validates the integrity and authenticity of the downloaded update file. In case an attacker is able to intercept the network traffic between the updater client and the Notepad++ update infrastructure, this weakness can be leveraged by an attacker to prompt the updater to download and executed an unwanted binary (instead of the legitimate Notepad++ update binary)." Updating to v8.8.9 mitigates the issue. Fortinet's critical fix In other Patch Tuesday news, Fortinet fixed two critical vulnerabilities in its products. The flaws, tracked as CVE-2025-59718 and CVE-2025-59719, earned a critical 9.1 CVSS rating and affect FortiOS, FortiWeb, FortiProxy and FortiSwitchManager. They allow an unauthenticated attacker to bypass the FortiCloud SSO login authentication using a crafted SAML message – but only if that login method is enabled on the device. "Please note that the FortiCloud SSO login feature is not enabled in default factory settings. However, when an administrator registers the device to FortiCare from the device's GUI, unless the administrator disables the toggle switch 'Allow administrative login using FortiCloud SSO' in the registration page, FortiCloud SSO login is enabled upon registration," according to the vendor. If you don't want to fall victim to attackers exploiting these flaws, turn off the FortiCloud login feature until you've upgraded to a non-affected version. These two critical bugs follow last month's disclosures of two bugs exploited as zero-days in Fortinet's FortiWeb web application firewall. Everyone loves exploiting Ivanti EPM Meanwhile, a critical, now-patched bug in Ivanti's Endpoint Manager (EPM) product can allow an unauthenticated attacker to remotely execute malicious code. The vendor on Tuesday disclosed the cross-site scripting flaw, tracked as CVE-2025-10573, and said the latest software update, version EPM 2024 SU4 SR1, fixes the 9.6 CVSS-rated vulnerability. "We are not aware of any customers being exploited by these vulnerabilities at the time of disclosure," the company’s security advisory noted. But considering that abusing this hole in Ivanti's endpoint management tool could give attackers access to all of their client devices across Windows, macOS, Linux, Chrome OS, and IoT – and that China really likes breaking into buggy Ivanti gear for cyber-spying and botnet-building purposes – don't leave this patch behind. Rapid7 security researcher Ryan Emmons disclosed the bug to Ivanti, and in a subsequent Tuesday blog detailed how an "attacker with unauthenticated access to the primary EPM web service can join fake managed endpoints to the EPM server in order to poison the administrator web dashboard with malicious JavaScript." Then, when an EPM admin views one of these poisoned dashboard interfaces, "that passive user interaction will trigger client-side JavaScript execution, resulting in the attacker gaining control of the administrator's session," he added. While Rapid7 director of vulnerability intelligence Doug McKee told The Register that his threat hunting team isn't aware of active exploitation, "now that the vulnerability has been publicly disclosed and patched … the likelihood of attackers reverse engineering the update to target internet-exposed systems is high." "Widespread scanning and exploitation attempts are likely to follow soon, as the attack requires no credentials to stage and successfully grants full session control once an administrator views the poisoned dashboard," he added. ® Updated to add at 1635 UTC, December 12 Ivanti contacted The Register to let us know that these issues were patched on December 9.
go.theregister.comDec 9, 2025extracted