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Axios supply chain attack chops away at npm trust
Researchers found that compromised Axios versions installed a Remote Access Trojan. Axios is a promise-based HTTP Client for node.js, basically a helper tool that developers use behind the scenes to let apps talk to the internet. For example, Axios makes requests such as “get my messages from the server” or “send this form to the website” easier and more reliable for programmers and it saves them from having to write a lot of low‑level networking code themselves. Since it works both in the browser and on servers (Node.js), a lot of modern JavaScript‑based projects include it as a standard building block. Even if you never install Axios yourself, you might indirectly run into it when you: Use web apps built with frameworks like React, Vue, or Angular. Use mobile apps or desktop apps built with web technologies like Electron, React Native, and others. Visit smaller Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) tools, admin panels, or self‑hosted services built by developers who picked Axios. You could compare it to the plumbing in your house. Usually you don’t notice the pipes, but they bring the water to where you open a faucet. And you don’t need to know where they are until a leak occurs. What happened? Using compromised credentials of a lead maintainer of Axios an attacker published poisoned packages to npm: [email protected] and [email protected]. The malicious versions inject a new dependency, [email protected], which is never imported anywhere in the axios source code. Together the two affected packages reach up to 100 million weekly downloads on npm, which means it has a huge impact radius across web apps, services, and pipelines. It is important to note that the affected Axios version does not appear in the project’s official GitHub tags. This means that the people and projects affected are developers and environments which ran npm install that resolved to: [email protected] [email protected] , or the dependency [email protected] . Any workflow that installed one of those versions with scripts enabled may have exposed all injected secrets (cloud keys, repo deploy keys, npm tokens, etc.) to an interactive attacker, because the postinstall script (node setup.js) that runs automatically on npm install downloaded an obfuscated dropper that retrieves a platform‑specific RAT payload for macOS, Windows, or Linux. If you are a developer deploying Axios, treat any machine that installed the bad versions as potentially fully compromised and rotate secrets. The attacker may have obtained repo access, signing keys, API keys, or other secrets that can be used to backdoor future releases or attack your backend and users. Users apps built with Axios do not have any direct reason to worry. If you’re just loading your app in a browser you’re not directly executing this RAT via Axios. The infection path is the install/build step, not app runtime. Indicators of Compromise (IOCs) As the rsearchers pointed out the malware dropper cleans up after itself: “Any post-infection inspection of node_modules/plain-crypto-js/package.json will show a completely clean manifest. There is no postinstall script, no setup.js file, and no indication that anything malicious was ever installed. Running npm audit or manually reviewing the installed package directory will not reveal the compromise.” What you can look for, then, are these IOCs: Domain: sfrclak[.]com IP address: 142.11.206.73 (both blocked by Malwarebytes products) Files: macOS: /Library/Caches/com.apple.act.mond Linux: /tmp/ld.py Windows: %PROGRAMDATA%\wt and %TEMP%\6202033.vbs/.ps1 which only exist briefly during execution Malicious npm packages: [email protected] sha-256 checksum: 2553649f2322049666871cea80a5d0d6adc700ca [email protected] sha-256 checksum: d6f3f62fd3b9f5432f5782b62d8cfd5247d5ee71 [email protected] sha-256 checksum: 07d889e2dadce6f3910dcbc253317d28ca61c766 From reporting threats to removing them. Cybersecurity risks should never spread beyond a headline. Keep threats off your devices by downloading Malwarebytes today.
malwarebytes.comMar 31, 2026extracted
Extortion Group Claims It Hacked AstraZeneca
The notorious Lapsus$ extortion group has boasted on an underground forum about hacking biopharmaceutical giant AstraZeneca and stealing roughly 3GB of data. The hackers say they exfiltrated multiple types of sensitive enterprise data from AstraZeneca, including credentials and tokens, internal code repositories, and employee data. Lapsus$ claims to have exfiltrated Java-based application code such as “controllers, repositories, services, schedulers, configuration files, and Spring Boot resources,” cybersecurity firm SocRadar reports. The leak allegedly includes project paths associated with internal development assets, Angular and Python packages, and AWS, Azure, and Terraform cloud infrastructure information. Furthermore, the hackers claim to have stolen various credentials and other secrets, GitHub Enterprise-related user information, such as roles and account details, and corporate email addresses. “The file tree also points to large numbers of SQL scripts, table definitions, views, sequence files, batch processes, and inventory or order-management components,” SocRadar notes. “In practical terms, that suggests the alleged breach may touch internal business operations, supply chain workflows, and system administration data, not just developer artifacts,” the company points out. Lapsus$ also added AstraZeneca to its Tor-based leak site, offering the allegedly stolen information for sale. However, it has not set a price for it. Should the hacking group’s claims be verified, the blast radius from the incident could be broad, as it may impact employees, partners, intellectual property, and the supply chain. The pharma giant has yet to publicly disclose the incident and confirm the extortion group’s claims. Some voices suggest that the AstraZeneca hack could be linked to the recent supply chain attack that affected Aqua’s Trivy vulnerability scanner, but security researchers are skeptical, saying that evidence is circumstantial. SecurityWeek has emailed AstraZeneca for a statement on the matter and will update this article if the company responds. Related: 3.1 Million Impacted by QualDerm Data Breach Related: Mazda Says Employee, Partner Information Stolen in Cyberattack
securityweek.comMar 24, 2026extracted
⚡ Weekly Recap: CI/CD Backdoor, FBI Buys Location Data, WhatsApp Ditches Numbers & More
Another week, another reminder that the internet is still a mess. Systems people thought were secure are being broken in simple ways, showing many still ignore basic advisories. This edition covers a mix of issues: supply chain attacks hitting CI/CD setups, long-abused IoT devices being shut down, and exploits moving quickly from disclosure to real attacks. There are also new malware tricks showing attackers are becoming more patient and creative. It’s a mix of old problems that never go away and new methods that are harder to detect. There are quiet state-backed activities, exposed data from open directories, growing mobile threats, and a steady stream of zero-days and rushed patches. Grab a coffee, and at least skim the CVE list. Some of these are the kind you don’t want to discover after the damage is done. ⚡ Threat of the Week Trivy Vulnerability Scanner Breached in for Supply Chain Attack — Attackers have backdoored the widely used open-source Trivy vulnerability scanner, injecting credential-stealing malware into official releases and GitHub Actions used by thousands of CI/CD workflows. The breach has triggered a cascade of additional supply-chain compromises stemming from impacted projects and organizations not rotating their secrets, resulting in the distribution of a self-propagating worm referred to as CanisterWorm. Trivy, developed by Aqua Security, is one of the most widely used open-source vulnerability scanners, with over 32,000 GitHub stars and more than 100 million Docker Hub downloads. The Trivy compromise is the latest in a growing pattern of attacks targeting GitHub Actions and developers in general. GitHub changed the default behavior of pull_request_target workflows in December 2025 to reduce the risk of exploitation. BAS vs Automated Pentesting: What Each Actually Covers (and Doesn't) Most teams pick one without knowing what the other misses. This guide breaks down both by use case across blue, red, and purple teams so you can see where each fits and where the gaps are. Download Now ➝ 🔔 Top News DoJ Takes Down DDoS Botnets — A cluster of IoT botnets behind some of the largest DDoS attacks ever recorded -- AISURU, Kimwolf, JackSkid, and Mossad -- were wiped as part of a broad law enforcement operation. The botnets largely spread across routers, IP cameras, and digital video recorders that are often shipped with weak credentials and rarely patched. Authorities removed the command-and-control servers used to commandeer the infected nodes. Together, operators of the four botnets had amassed more than 3 million devices, which they then sold access to other criminal hackers, who then used them to target victims with DDoS attacks to knock websites and internet services offline or mask other illicit activity. Some of these DDoS attacks were aimed at U.S. Department of Defense systems and other high-value targets. No arrests were announced, but two suspects associated with AISURU/Kimwolf are said to be based in Canada and Germany. All four botnets disrupted by the operation are variants of Mirai, which had its source code leaked in 2016 and has served as the starting point for other botnets. The U.S. Justice Department said some victims of the DDoS attacks lost hundreds of thousands of dollars through remediation expenses or ransom demands from hackers who would only stop overloading websites for a price. Google Debuts New Advanced Flow for Sideloading on Android — Google's advanced flow for Android changes how apps from unverified developers are installed, adding friction to combat scams and malware. The feature is aimed at experienced users and allows sideloading through a one-time setup. The advanced flow adds a 24-hour delay and verification steps intended to disrupt coercive pressure and give users time to make decisions. It’s designed to address scenarios where attackers pressure individuals to install unsafe software and play on the urgency of the operation to push them to bypass security warnings and disable protections before they can pause or seek help. Critical Langflow Flaw Comes Under Attack — A critical security flaw impacting Langflow has come under active exploitation within 20 hours of public disclosure, highlighting the speed at which threat actors weaponize newly published vulnerabilities. The security defect, tracked as CVE-2026-33017 (CVSS score: 9.3), is a case of missing authentication combined with code injection that could result in remote code execution. Cloud security firm Sysdig said that the attacks weaponize the vulnerability to steal sensitive data from compromised systems. "The real-world proof is definitive: threat actors exploited it in the wild within 20 hours of the advisory going public, with no public PoC code available," Aviral Srivastava, who discovered the vulnerability, told The Hacker News. "They built working exploits just from reading the advisory description. That's the hallmark of trivial exploitation when multiple independent attackers can weaponize a vulnerability from a description alone, within hours." Interlock Ransomware Exploited Cisco FMC Flaw as 0-Day — An Interlock ransomware campaign exploited a critical security flaw in Cisco Secure Firewall Management Center (FMC) Software as a zero-day well over a month before it was publicly disclosed. The vulnerability in question is CVE-2026-20131 (CVSS score: 10.0), a case of insecure deserialization of user-supplied Java byte stream, which could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to bypass authentication and execute arbitrary Java code as root on an affected device. "This wasn't just another vulnerability exploit; Interlock had a zero-day in their hands, giving them a week's head start to compromise organizations before defenders even knew to look," Amazon, which spotted the activity, said. Yet Another iOS Exploit Kit Comes to Light — A new watering hole attack against iPhone users has been found to deliver a previously undocumented iOS exploit kit codenamed DarkSword. While some of the attacks targeted users in Ukraine, the kit has also been put to use by two other clusters that singled out Saudi Arabian users in November 2025, as well as users in Turkey and Malaysia. It's worth noting that these exploits would not be effective on devices where Lockdown Mode is active or on the iPhone 17 with Memory Integrity Enforcement (MIE) enabled. The kit used a total of six exploits in iOS to deliver various malware families designed for surveillance and intelligence gathering. Apple has since addressed all of them. "Completely written in JavaScript, DarkSword comprises six vulnerabilities across two exploit chains that were patched in stages ending with iOS 26.3," iVerify said. "Starting in WebKit and moving down to the kernel, it achieves full iPhone compromise with elegant techniques never publicly seen before." The discovery of DarkSword makes it the second mass attack targeting iOS devices. What's more, the Russian threat actor that deployed DarkSword demonstrated poor operational security. They left the full JavaScript code unobfuscated, unprotected, and easily accessible. The findings also point to a secondary market where such exploits are being acquired by threat actors of varied motivations to actively infect unpatched iOS users on a large scale. Perseus Banking Malware Targets Android — A newly discovered Android malware is masking itself within television streaming apps in order to steal users' passwords and banking data and spy on their personal notes, researchers have found. The malware, dubbed Perseus by researchers at ThreatFabric, is being actively distributed in the wild and primarily targets users in Turkey and Italy. To infect devices, attackers disguise the malware inside apps that appear to offer IPTV services — platforms that stream television content over the internet. These apps are also widely used to stream pirated content and are often downloaded outside official marketplaces like Google Play, making users more accustomed to installing them manually and less likely to view the process as suspicious. Once installed, Perseus can monitor nearly everything a user does in real time. It uses overlay attacks — placing fake login screens over legitimate apps — and keylogging capabilities to capture credentials as they are entered. The malware's most unusual feature is its focus on personal note-taking applications. "Notes often contain sensitive information such as passwords, recovery phrases, financial details, or private thoughts, making them a valuable target for attackers," ThreatFabric said. ️🔥 Trending CVEs New vulnerabilities show up every week, and the window between disclosure and exploitation keeps getting shorter. The flaws below are this week's most critical — high-severity, widely used software, or already drawing attention from the security community. Check these first, patch what applies, and don't wait on the ones marked urgent — CVE-2026-21992 (Oracle), CVE-2026-33017 (Langflow), CVE-2026-32746 (GNU InetUtils telnetd), CVE-2026-32297, CVE-2026-32298 (Angeet ES3 KVM), CVE-2026-3888 (Ubuntu), CVE-2026-20643 (Apple WebKit), CVE-2026-4276 (LibreChat RAG API), CVE-2026-24291 aka RegPwn (Microsoft Windows), CVE-2026-21643 (Fortinet FortiClient), CVE-2026-3864 (Kubernetes), CVE-2026-32635 (Angular), CVE-2026-25769 (Wazuh), CVE-2026-3564 (ConnectWise ScreenConnect), CVE-2026-22557, CVE-2026-22558 (Ubiquiti), CVE-2025-14986 (Temporal), CVE-2026-31381, CVE-2026-31382 (Gainsight Assist), CVE-2026-26189 (Trivy), CVE-2026-4439, CVE-2026-4440, CVE-2026-4441 (Google Chrome), CVE-2026-33001, CVE-2026-33002 (Jenkins), CVE-2026-21570 (Atlassian Bamboo Center), and CVE-2026-21884 (Atlassian Crowd Data Center). 🎥 Cybersecurity Webinars Learn How to Automate Exposure Management with OpenCTI & OpenAEV → Discover how to automate continuous, threat-informed testing using open-source tools like OpenCTI and OpenAEV to validate your security controls against real attacker behavior without increasing your budget. See a live demo on how to verify your security works, identify real gaps, and integrate it into your SOC workflow at no extra cost. Identity Maturity Cracking in 2026: See the New Data + How to Catch Up Fast → Identity programs are under massive pressure in 2026 - disconnected apps, AI agents, and credential sprawl are creating real risks and audit challenges. Join this webinar for new Ponemon Institute 2026 research from over 600 leaders, showing the scale of the problem and practical steps to close gaps, reduce friction, and catch up quickly. 📰 Around the Cyber World WhatsApp Tests Usernames Instead of Phone Numbers — WhatsApp is planning to introduce usernames and unique IDs instead of phone numbers, allowing users to send messages and make voice or video calls without sharing numbers. The optional privacy feature is expected to roll out globally by June 2026, with users and businesses able to reserve unique handles. "We're excited to bring usernames to WhatsApp in the future to help people connect with new friends, groups, and businesses without having to share their phone numbers," the company said in a statement shared with The Economic Times. The feature has been under test since early January 2026. Signal introduced a similar feature in early 2024. FBI Details SE Asia Scam Centers — The U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) detailed its work with Thai authorities to shut down scam centers proliferating in Southeast Asia. The schemes, which primarily target retirees, small-business owners, and people seeking companionship, have been described as a blend of cyber fraud, money laundering, and human trafficking, causing billions of dollars in annual losses. These scam centers operate in a manner that's similar to how legitimate corporations do. "Recruiters advertise high-paying jobs abroad. Workers are flown to foreign countries only to discover that the positions do not exist," the FBI said. "Passports are confiscated. Armed guards patrol the grounds. Under threat of violence, workers are forced to pose as potential romantic partners or savvy investment advisers, cultivating trust with victims over weeks or months." Recent crackdowns in countries like Cambodia have freed thousands of workers from scam compounds, but the FBI warned that these breakthroughs can be temporary, as criminal networks always tend to relocate, rebrand, or shift tactics in response to law enforcement actions. APT28 Exposed Server Leaks SquirrelMail XSS Payload — A second exposed open directory discovered on a server ("203.161.50[.]145") associated with APT28 (aka Fancy Bear) has offered insights into the threat actor's espionage campaigns targeting government and military organizations across Ukraine, Romania, Bulgaria, Greece, Serbia, and North Macedonia. According to Ctrl-Alt-Intel, the directory contained command-and-control (C2) source code, scripts to steal emails, credentials, address books, and 2FA tokens from Roundcube mailboxes, telemetry logs, and exfiltrated data. The stolen data consists of 2,870 emails from government and military mailboxes, 244 sets of stolen credentials, 143 Sieve forwarding rules (to silently forward every incoming email to an attacker-controlled mailbox), and 11,527 contact email addresses. One of the newly identified tools is an XSS payload targeting the SquirrelMail webmail software, highlighting the threat actor's continued focus on leveraging XSS flaws to steal data from email inboxes. It's worth noting that the server was attributed to APT28 by the Computer Emergency Response Team of Ukraine (CERT-UA) as far back as September 2024. "Fancy Bear developed a modular, multi-platform exploitation toolkit where a victim simply opening a malicious email – with no further clicks – could result in their credentials stolen, their 2FA bypassed, emails within their mailbox exfiltrated, and a silent forwarding rule established that persists indefinitely," Ctrl-Alt-Intel said. Analysis of a Beast Ransomware Server — An analysis of an open directory on a server ("5.78.84[.]144") associated with Beast, a ransomware-as-a-service (RaaS) that's suspected to be the successor to Monster ransomware, has uncovered the various tools used by the threat actors and the different stages of their attack lifecycle. These included Advanced IP Scanner and Advanced Port Scanner to map internal networks and find open remote desktop protocol (RDP) or server message block (SMB) ports. Also identified were programs to locate sensitive files for exfiltration and flag which servers hold the most data, as well as Mimikatz, LaZagne, and Automim (for credential harvesting), AnyDesk (for persistence), PsExec (for lateral movement), and MEGASync (for data exfiltration). Beast ransomware operations paused in November 2025 and resumed in January 2026. GrapheneOS Opposes the Unified Attestation Initiative — GrapheneOS has come out strongly against Unified Attestation, stating it "serves no truly useful purpose beyond giving itself an unfair advantage while pretending it has something to do with security." The Unified Attestation initiative is an open-source, decentralized alternative to the Google Play Integrity API to provide device and app integrity checks for custom ROMs without requiring Google Play Services. "We strongly oppose the Unified Attestation initiative and call for app developers supporting privacy, security, and freedom on mobile to avoid it," GraphenseOS said. "Companies selling phones should not be deciding which operating systems people are allowed to use for apps." VoidStealer Uses Chrome Debugger to Steal Secrets — An information stealer known as VoidStealer has observed using a novel debugger-based Application-Bound Encryption (ABE) bypass technique that leverages hardware breakpoints to extract the "v20_master_key" directly from browser memory and use it to decrypt sensitive data stored in the browser. VoidStealer is a malware-as-a-service (MaaS) infostealer that began being marketed on several dark web forums in mid-December 2025. The ABE bypass technique was introduced in version 2.0 of the stealer announced on March 13, 2026. "The bypass requires neither privilege escalation nor code injection, making it a stealthier approach compared to alternative ABE bypass methods," Gen Digital said. VoidStealer is assessed to have adopted the technique from the open-source ElevationKatz project. FBI Says it is Buying Americans' location Data — FBI director Kash Patel admitted that the agency is buying location data that can be used to track people's movements without a warrant. "We do purchase commercially available information that’s consistent with the Constitution and the laws under the Electronic Communications Privacy Act, and it has led to some valuable intelligence for us," Patel said at a hearing before the Senate Intelligence Committee. Iranian Botnet Exposed via Open Directory — An Open Directory on "185.221.239[.]162:8080" has been found to contain several payloads, including a Python-based botnet script, a compiled DDoS binary, multiple C-language denial-of-service files, and IP addresses associated with SSH credentials. "A Python script called ohhhh.py reads credentials in a host:port|username|password format and opens 500 concurrent SSH sessions, compiling and launching the bot client on each host automatically," Hunt.io said. "The exposed .bash_history captured three distinct phases of work: standing up the tunnel network, building and testing DDoS tooling against live targets, and iterative botnet development across multiple script versions." The activity has not been linked to any state-directed campaign. OpenClaw Developers Targeted in Phishing Attack — OpenClaw's combination of flexibility, local control, and a fast-growing ecosystem has made it popular among developers in a very short time. While that unprecedented adoption speed has exposed organizations to new security risks of its own (i.e., vulnerabilities and the presence of malicious skills on ClawHub and SkillsMP), threat actors are also capitalizing on the brand name and reputation to set up fake GitHub accounts for a phishing campaign that lures unsuspecting developers with promises of free $CLAW tokens and trick them into connect their cryptocurrency wallet. "The threat actor creates fake GitHub accounts, opens issue threads in attacker-controlled repositories, and tags dozens of GitHub developers," OX Security researchers Moshe Siman Tov Bustan and Nir Zadok said. "The posts claim that recipients have won $5,000 worth of CLAW tokens and can collect them by visiting a linked site and connecting their crypto wallet." The linked site ("token-claw[.]xyz") is a near-identical clone of openclaw.ai rigged with a wallet-draining "Connect your wallet" button designed to conduct cryptocurrency theft. New Campaign Targets Energy Operations Personnel in Pakistan — A targeted campaign against operations personnel at energy firms linked to projects in Pakistan has leveraged phishing emails mimicking invitations to the upcoming Pakistan Energy Exhibition & Conference (PEEC). The messages, sent from compromised accounts from a Pakistani university and a government organization, aim to deceive victims into opening PDF attachments with a fake Adobe Acrobat Reader update prompt. Clicking the update leads to the download of a ClickOnce application resource that drops the Havoc Demon C2 framework. "The redirect chain was also wrapped in geofencing and browser fingerprinting, limiting access to intended targets," Proofpoint said. "That likely reduced the exposure to automated analysis while keeping the delivery path tightly scoped." The activity has been codenamed UNK_VaporVibes. It's assessed to share overlaps with activity publicly associated with SloppyLemming. Over 373K Dark Web Sites Down — International law enforcement agencies announced the takedown of one of the largest known networks of fraudulent platforms on the dark web, uncovering hundreds of thousands of fake websites used to scam users seeking child sexual abuse content. A 10-day international operation led by German authorities and supported by Europol shut down more than 373,000 dark web domains run by a 35-year-old man based in China, who had been operating a sprawling network of fraudulent platforms since at least 2021. While the sites advertised child abuse material and cybercrime-as-a-service offerings, nothing was actually delivered after victims made a payment in Bitcoin. The fraudulent scheme netted the operator an estimated €345,000 from around 10,000 people. Authorities from 23 countries participated in the operation, and have since identified 440 customers whose purchases are now under active investigation. Malicious npm Packages Steal Secrets — Two malicious npm packages, sbx-mask and touch-adv, have been found to steal secrets from victims' computers. While one invokes the malicious code via the postinstall script, the other executes it when application code is invoked by the developer after importing it. "The evidence strongly suggests account takeover of a legitimate publisher, rather than intentional malicious activity," Sonatype said. "Hijacked publisher accounts are particularly concerning as, over time, maintainers build trust with the users of their components. Attackers aim to take advantage of that trust in order to steal valuable, or profitable, information." China to Have Its Own Post-Quantum Cryptography in 3 Years — China is reportedly planning to develop its own national post-quantum cryptography standards within the next three years, according to a report from Reuters. The U.S. finalized its first set of post-quantum cryptography standards in 2024 and is aiming to achieve full industry migration by 2035. What's Next for Tycoon2FA? — A recent law enforcement operation dismantled the infrastructure associated with the Tycoon2FA phishing-as-a-service (PhaaS) platform. However, a new analysis from Bridewell has revealed that some of the 2FA phishing CAPTCHA pages are still live. The lingering activity, the cybersecurity company noted, stems from the fact that these pages operate on a massive network of compromised third-party sites, legitimate SaaS platforms, and thousands of disposable domains. "Operators and affiliates are highly agile and will attempt to rebuild, migrate to new infrastructure, or pivot to competing PhaaS platforms," it added. "The live CAPTCHA pages we are seeing may belong to surviving criminal affiliates attempting to keep their individual campaigns breathing on secondary proxy networks." 🔧 Cybersecurity Tools MESH → It is an open-source tool from BARGHEST that enables remote mobile forensics and network monitoring over an encrypted, peer-to-peer mesh network resistant to censorship. It connects Android/iOS devices behind firewalls or CGNAT using a modified Tailscale-like protocol (no central servers needed), supports ADB wireless debugging, libimobiledevice, PCAP capture, and Suricata IDS—allowing secure, direct access for live logical acquisitions in restricted or hostile environments. enject → It is a lightweight Rust tool that protects .env secrets from AI assistants like Copilot or Claude. It replaces real values in your .env file with placeholders (e.g., en://api_key). Secrets stay encrypted in a per-project store (AES-256-GCM, master password protected). When you run enject run -- , it decrypts them only in memory at runtime, then wipes them—never leaving plaintext on disk. Open-source, macOS/Linux, perfect for safe local development. Disclaimer: For research and educational use only. Not security-audited. Review all code before use, test in isolated environments, and ensure compliance with applicable laws. Conclusion And that’s the week. The real pattern isn’t any one story; it’s the gap. The gap between a flaw and detection. Between a patch and a deployment. Between knowing and doing. Most of this week’s damage happened in that gap, and it’s not new. Before you move on: update your mobile devices, review anything touching your CI/CD pipeline, and don’t store crypto wallet recovery phrases in notes apps.
thehackernews.comMar 23, 2026extracted
The New Turing Test: How Threats Use Geometry to Prove 'Humanness'
By Sila Ozeren Hacioglu, Security Research Engineer at Picus Security. Splashy breaches are out. Attackers are increasingly abandoning loud, disruptive attacks in favor of long-term, undetected infiltration. To support this shift toward stealth, malware developers are aggressively advancing their evasion techniques, designing payloads that are highly context-aware. Moving far beyond basic environment checks, they’re adding mathematically complex human-verification tests and advanced CPU-level time monitoring to their arsenals to help them remain undetected. Instead of blindly executing once inside a host environment, modern payloads now calculate if a real human is behind the keyboard and measure the invisible drag of a hypervisor before detonating. The Picus Red Report™ 2026, which analyzed more than 1.1 million malicious files and 15.5 million actions mapped to MITRE ATT&CK® throughout 2025, confirms this massive shift. Attackers are pivoting away from bold "smash-and-grab" breaches in favor of sneakier "Digital Parasite" tactics, with 80% of the top ten observed techniques now dedicated strictly to evasion and persistence. Driving this shift is the explosive resurgence of Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion (T1497). Notably absent from the top charts for the past two years, it has skyrocketed to the #4 most-used technique in 2025, found in 20% of the 221,054 analyzed malware samples. This means that fully 1 in 5 modern malware strains will simply “play dead” if they detect that they’re in an automated analysis environment. Below is a technical breakdown of the three advanced sandbox evasion techniques driving this surge and why some detonation-based detection pipelines may never see these samples execute. 1. System Checks (T1497.001): The Environment Gatekeeper The System Checks (ATT&CK T1497.001) technique describes the use of programmatic or scripted observations to gather information about the host environment, such as hardware inventory, registry keys, and OS-level discovery, to determine if the system is a legitimate target or simply a virtualized analysis tool. Before unpacking its payload, modern malware acts as an environment gatekeeper. It performs a series of checks to profile the host, looking for telltale artifacts: disk drives named after VM vendors (like "VBOX" or "VMWare"), MAC addresses tied to hypervisors, limited CPU cores, or the absence of audio/video devices. In the Wild: One example from the new Red Report is Blitz malware. A June 2025 analysis reveals how Blitz threats weaponize host configurations. Knowing sandboxes often run on heavily restricted resources, Blitz executes specific programmatic checks: Processor Count: Aborting if the CPU count is fewer than four. Screen Resolution: Exiting if the resolution matches standard default sandbox sizes (e.g., 1024x768, 800x600, or 640x480). Sandbox Drivers: Searching for specific driver strings associated with known analysis tools (like ANY.RUN's \\?\A3E64E55_fl). If these system checks indicate an artificially restricted environment, Blitz aborts execution. This ensures the malware only "goes live" on legitimate, user-controlled systems where it can carry out its malicious activities without interference. Sneaky, and effective. File analysis is no longer enough when malware plays dead in sandboxes. Shift to behavior hunting with Adversarial Exposure Validation (AEV). See how to use our 5 Red Report Threat Templates to safely simulate stealthy techniques Get Your Demo Today 2. User Activity Based Checks (T1497.002): Using Trigonometry to Prove You’re Human User Activity Based Checks (ATT&CK T1497.002) are sandbox-evasion techniques that analyze human interaction patterns to determine whether malware is running on a real user’s system or inside an automated analysis environment. The latest wave of evasion goes beyond hardware fingerprints. Instead of asking “Is this a VM?” malware now asks “Is that a real person?” In the Wild: A November 2025 analysis of LummaC2 v4.0 exposed a particularly advanced implementation. As somebody with a strong mathematical background, I personally call this a Trigonometry-Based Turing Test. So, rather than simply checking whether the mouse moves, the malware evaluates how it moves. If the cursor behavior appears synthetic, the payload never executes. Here’s how the test works: Motion Capture: Using the GetCursorPos() Windows API, LummaC2 records five consecutive (x,y) cursor positions (P0 through P4) with 50ms delays between each sample. Euclidean Distance: The malware treats each pair of points as movement vectors, and when two consecutive vectors are connected, they form a line segment. The malware calculates the length of each movement segment to ensure the motion is continuous and not just "teleporting" (a common sandbox shortcut). To do so, Lumma uses the standard Euclidean distance formula. Angular Validation: It then computes the angle between consecutive vectors using the dot product formula. The resulting angle, converted to degrees, is compared against a hardcoded 45° threshold. If directional changes are gradual and consistent, the motion is classified as human. Sharp, overly linear, or too-mechanically precise movement suggests scripted input and a virtualization/sandbox environment. Many automated sandboxes generate low-complexity cursor paths. Human motion, even when attempting a straight line, naturally introduces micro-curves and subtle variation. By mathematically measuring curvature and smoothness, LummaC2 applies a probabilistic filter to determine whether it is operating in a real user environment before releasing its payload. 3. Time Based Checks (T1497.003): Beating the Clock The Time Based Checks (ATT&CK T1497.003) technique involves monitoring system clock, uptime, or instruction execution speed to identify anomalies in the flow of time that are characteristic of virtualized environments. Because sandboxes only analyze files for a brief window of time (usually a few minutes), adversaries frequently use these checks to outlast the observation period. However, modern techniques go beyond simple sleep timers; they actively measure how time passes on the CPU to detect the "invisible drag" or timing inconsistencies introduced by a hypervisor. In the Wild: Again, as depicted in this year’s Red Report, Blitz malware employs a highly sophisticated timing check. It spins up two concurrent threads to compare execution times. Main Thread: Executes a CPUID instruction loop 1,000,000 times. CPUID executes quickly on bare metal but takes measurably longer when intercepted by a Virtual Machine. Secondary Thread: Executes a high volume of complex floating-point calculations (fyl2xp1), incrementing a global_count variable with each success. Once the main thread finishes its million loops, the malware calculates a ratio to see how many floating-point operations the secondary thread managed to complete in that exact timeframe: If the system is a physical machine, the concurrent threads run smoothly, and the code expects a threshold where the resultant > 5.0. However, if a hypervisor is present, the overhead of managing the concurrent CPUID intercepts slows the secondary thread down. The resultant falls below 5.0, the malware realizes it’s inside a VM, and it terminates itself. Shift from Hunting Files to Hunting Behavior The rapid rise of Virtualization and Sandbox Evasion (ATT&CK T1497) reveals a deeper problem in how we validate security. When malware checks hypervisor timing or inspects system artifacts before executing, traditional defenses often see nothing. Static signatures miss it. Sandboxes return clean results, and no alert is triggered, because the payload never runs. In this threat model, we see that, increasingly, file analysis is no longer enough. Attackers don’t just deliver malicious files; they’re now selectively executing malicious behavior. Security teams must therefore shift from analyzing artifacts to validating adversarial behavior in their own environments. This is where Adversarial Exposure Validation (AEV) matters. AEV tools, such as Breach and Attack Simulation (BAS), and automated penetration testing, continuously and safely execute real-world attacker techniques against the actual security stack. They validate whether controls truly prevent execution, whether detections fire, and whether response mechanisms activate as expected. Test Your Defenses with the Red Report Threat Template In a landscape increasingly defined by stealth and selective execution, theoretical risk scores are no longer enough. This is why Picus Labs has distilled the complex, evasive behaviors and real-world procedures highlighted in this year's findings into five highly valuable Red Report Threat Templates. These actionable templates enable your security team to safely simulate advanced evasion and persistence techniques, verifying that implemented security controls block them immediately. Conversely, these templates will expose whether behavioral analytics and monitoring are truly tuned to detect these evasive “Digital Parasites” or are lulling your teams into a literally false sense of security. Ready to see the full data behind the Digital Parasite model? Download the Picus Red Report 2026 to explore this year’s findings and understand how modern adversaries are staying undetected inside networks longer than ever before. Sponsored and written by Picus Security.
bleepingcomputer.comMar 10, 2026extracted
⚡ Weekly Recap: Qualcomm 0-Day, iOS Exploit Chains, AirSnitch Attack & Vibe-Coded Malware
Another week in cybersecurity. Another week of "you've got to be kidding me." Attackers were busy. Defenders were busy. And somewhere in the middle, a whole lot of people had a very bad Monday morning. That's kind of just how it goes now. The good news? There were some actual wins this week. Real ones. The kind where the good guys showed up, did the work, and made a dent. It doesn't always happen, so when it does, it's worth noting. The bad news? For every win, there's a fresh headache waiting right behind it. New tricks, old tricks dressed up in new clothes, and a few things that'll make you want to go touch grass and never log back in. But you will. We all do. So here's everything that mattered this week — the wins, the warnings, and the stuff you really shouldn't ignore. ⚡ Threat of the Week Tycoon 2FA and LeakBase Operations Dismantled — The infrastructure hosting the Tycoon2FA service, which Europol said was among the largest adversary-in-the-middle (AitM) phishing operations worldwide, has been dismantled by a coalition of security companies and law enforcement agencies. "Taking down infrastructure associated with Tycoon 2FA and identifying the individual allegedly responsible for creating this prolific hacking tool will have a significant impact on overall MFA credential phishing, and hopefully strike a blow to the world's most prolific AitM phishing-as-a-service," Proofpoint said in a statement shared with The Hacker News. Phishing kits and PhaaS platforms have become an Achilles' heel in recent years, streamlining and democratizing phishing attacks for less technically savvy hackers by providing them with a suite of tools to create convincing emails and phishing pages that unsuspecting victims will engage with. For a relatively modest fee, aspiring cybercriminals can subscribe to these services and carry out phishing attacks at scale. In a similar development, authorities also took down LeakBase, one of the world's largest online forums for cybercriminals to buy and sell stolen data and cybercrime tools. While the disruption is a positive development, it's known that such takedowns typically create only short-term disruptions, as the ecosystem adapts by migrating to other forums or more resilient distribution channels, like Telegram. Shadow AI Is EVERYWHERE. Here's How You Can Find and Secure It Shadow AI is quietly accessing sensitive data across your SaaS environment. Learn how to close AI blind spots and get ahead of data exposure risks with this new guide. Get Answers Now ➝ 🔔 Top News Anthropic Finds 22 Firefox Vulnerabilities in Firefox — Anthropic said it discovered 22 new security vulnerabilities in the Firefox web browser using its Claude Opus 4.6 large language model (LLM)as part of a security partnership with Mozilla. Of these, 14 have been classified as high, seven have been classified as moderate, and one has been rated low in severity. The issues were addressed in Firefox 148, released late last month. The vulnerabilities were identified over a two-week period in January 2026. The company noted that the cost of identifying vulnerabilities is cheaper than creating an exploit for them, and the model is better at finding issues than at exploiting them. Qualcomm Flaw Exploited in the Wild — A high-severity security flaw impacting Qualcomm chips used in Android devices has been exploited in the wild. The vulnerability in question is CVE-2026-21385 (CVSS score: 7.8), a buffer over-read in the Graphics component that could result in memory corruption and arbitrary code execution. There are currently no details on how the vulnerability is being exploited in the wild. However, Google acknowledged in its monthly Android security bulletin that "there are indications that CVE-2026-21385 may be under limited, targeted exploitation." Coruna iOS Exploit Kit Uses 23 Exploits Against Older iOS Devices — Google disclosed details of a new and powerful exploit kit dubbed Coruna (aka CryptoWaters) targeting Apple iPhone models running iOS versions between 13.0 and 17.2.1. The exploit kit featured five full iOS exploit chains and a total of 23 exploits, the company said. What makes it different is that it started with a commercial surveillance vendor in February 2025, got picked up by what seems like a Russian espionage group targeting Ukrainians in July 2025, and ended up in the hands of financially motivated attackers in China going after crypto wallets by the end of the year. Coruna began its life as a surveillance exploit kit, but by the time it reached the Chinese cybercrime gang, it was heavily focused on financial theft. It's not known how the exploit kit got passed between multiple threat actors of varied motivations. This has raised the possibility of a secondhand market where it's resold to other threat actors, who end up repurposing them for their own objectives. Transparent Tribe Unleases Vibeware Against Indian Entities — In a new attack campaign detected by Bitdefender, the Pakistan-aligned threat actor known as Transparent Tribe has leveraged artificial intelligence (AI)-powered coding tools to vibe-code malware and use them to target the Indian government and its embassies in multiple foreign countries. These tools are written in niche programming languages like Nim, Zig, and Crystal so as to evade detection. "Rather than a breakthrough in technical sophistication, we are seeing a transition toward AI-assisted malware industrialization that allows the actor to flood target environments with disposable, polyglot binaries," the company said. Iranian Hackers Target U.S. Entities Amid Conflict — The Iranian hacking group tracked as MuddyWater (aka Seedworm) targeted several U.S. companies, including banks, airports, non-profit, and the Israeli arm of a software company, as part of a campaign that began in early February 2026, and continued after the joint U.S.-Israel military strikes on Iran towards the end of the month. The development comes against the backdrop of hacktivist-fueled cyber attacks, with wiper campaigns targeting Israeli energy, financial, government, and utilities sectors. "The trajectory is clear: what began as nation-state-level ICS capability in 2012 [with Shamoon wiper] has become, by 2026, something any motivated actor can attempt with free tools and an internet connection," CloudSEK said in a report last week. "The technical barrier has collapsed. The threat pool has expanded. And the US attack surface has never been larger." Another targeted campaign has distributed a trojanized version of the Red Alert rocket warning Android app to Israeli users via SMS messages impersonating official Home Front Command communications. Once installed, the malware monitors and abuses the granted permissions to collect sensitive data, including SMS messages, contacts, location data, device accounts, and installed applications. The campaign is believed to be the work of a Hamas-affiliated actor known as Arid Viper. There are currently no details available on the scope of the campaign and whether any of the infections were successful. Acronis said it highlights how trusted emergency services can be weaponized during periods of geopolitical tension using social engineering. ️🔥 Trending CVEs New vulnerabilities show up every week, and the window between disclosure and exploitation keeps getting shorter. The flaws below are this week's most critical — high-severity, widely used software, or already drawing attention from the security community. Check these first, patch what applies, and don't wait on the ones marked urgent — CVE-2026-2796 (Mozilla Firefox), CVE-2026-21385 (Qualcomm), CVE-2026-2256 (MS-Agent), CVE-2026-26198 (Ormar), CVE-2026-27966 (langflow), CVE-2025–64712 (Unstructured.io), CVE-2026-24009 (Docling), CVE-2026-23600 (HPE AutoPass License Server), CVE-2026-27636, CVE-2026-28289 (aka Mail2Shell) (FreeScout), CVE-2025-67736 (FreePBX), CVE-2025-34288 (Nagios XI), CVE-2025-14500 (IceWarp), CVE-2026-20079 (Cisco Secure Firewall Management Center), CVE-2025-13476 (Viber app for Android), CVE-2026-3336, CVE-2026-3337, CVE-2026-3338 (Amazon AWS-LC), CVE-2026-25611 (MongoDB), CVE-2026-3536, CVE-2026-3537, CVE-2026-3538 (Google Chrome), CVE-2026-27970 (Angular), CVE-2026-29058 (AVideo) a privilege escalation flaw in IPVanish VPN for macOS (no CVE), and and a remote code execution vulnerability in Ghost CMS (no CVE). 🎥 Cybersecurity Webinars Automating Real-World Security Testing to Prove What Actually Works → Running a security test once a year and hoping for the best? That's not a strategy anymore. This webinar shows you how to continuously test your defenses using real attack techniques — so you actually know what holds up and what quietly breaks when no one's looking. When AI Agents Become Your New Attack Surface → AI tools aren't just answering questions anymore — they're browsing the web, hitting APIs, and touching your internal systems. That changes everything about how you think about risk. This webinar breaks down what that means for security, and what you actually need to do before something goes wrong. 📰 Around the Cyber World New AirSnitch Attack Shows Wi-Fi Client Isolation May Not Be Enough — A group of academics has developed a new attack called AirSnitch that breaks the encryption that separates Wi-Fi clients. Xin'an Zhou, the lead author of the research paper, told Ars Technica that AirSnitch bypasses worldwide Wi-Fi encryption and that it "might have the potential to enable advanced cyber attacks." The attack, at its core, leverages three weaknesses in client isolation implementations: (1) It abuses the group key(s) that are shared between all clients in the same Wi-Fi network, (2) It bypasses client isolation by tricking the gateway into forwarding packets to the victim at the IP layer by taking advantage of the fact that many networks only enforce client isolation at the MAC/Ethernet layer, and (3) It allows an adversary to manipulate internal switches and bridges to forward the victim's uplink and downlink traffic to the adversary. As a result, they enable the attacker to restore AitM capabilities even if client isolation protections exist. "We found that Wi-Fi client isolation can often be bypassed," Mathy Vanhoef said. "This allows an attacker who can connect to a network, either as a malicious insider or by connecting to a co-located open network, to attack others." Google Tracked 90 Exploited 0-Days in 2025 — Google said it tracked 90 zero-day vulnerabilities exploited in-the-wild in 2025, up from 78 in 2024 and down from 100 in 2023. "Both the raw number (43) and proportion (48%) of vulnerabilities impacting enterprise technologies reached all-time highs, accounting for almost 50% of total zero-days exploited in 2025," the company said. Of these, vulnerabilities in security and networking appliances made up about half (21) of the enterprise-related zero-days in 2025. Mobile zero-days rebounded from nine in 2024 to 15 in 2025, with commercial surveillance vendors (15, plus likely another three) leading the charge in exploiting zero-day vulnerabilities than state-sponsored cyber espionage groups (12) for the first time. The names of the commercial spyware companies were not disclosed. Microsoft had the largest number of actively exploited flaws at 25, followed by Google (11), Apple (8), Cisco (4), Fortinet (4), Ivanti (3), and Broadcom VMware (3). Memory safety issues accounted for 35% of all exploited zero-day vulnerabilities last year. Financially motivated threat groups, including ransomware gangs, also targeted enterprise technologies and accounted for nine zero-days in 2025, double the five attributed to them in 2024. Velvet Tempest Deploys ClickFix Attack — Velvet Tempest (aka DEV-0504) has been observed using a ClickFix lure, followed by hands-on-keyboard activity consistent with Termite ransomware tradecraft. According to a report by Deception.Pro, the attack used the social engineering technique to drop payloads like DonutLoader and CastleRAT. "Follow-on activity included Active Directory reconnaissance (domain trusts, server discovery, user listing) and attempted browser credential harvesting via a PowerShell script downloaded from 143.198.160[.]37," it said. "Telemetry and infrastructure in this chain align with a modern initial-access playbook: rapid staging, heavy use of living-off-the-land binaries (LOLBins), and long-lived command-and-control (C2) traffic that blends into normal browser noise." No ransomware was deployed in the attack that took place between February 3 and 16, 2026. Ghanaian National Pleads Guilty to Role in $100M Romance Scam — A Ghanaian national pleaded guilty to his role in a massive fraud ring that stole over $100 million from victims across the U.S. through business email compromise attacks and romance scams. 40-year-old Derrick Van Yeboah pleaded guilty to conspiracy to commit wire fraud and agreed to pay more than $10 million in restitution. "Van Yeboah personally perpetrated many of the romance scams by impersonating fake romantic partners in communications with victims," the U.S. Justice Department said. "Many of the conspiracy’s victims were vulnerable older men and women who were tricked into believing that they were in online romantic relationships with persons who were, in fact, fake identities assumed by members of the conspiracy." The conspirators, part of a criminal organization primarily based in Ghana, also committed business email compromises to deceive businesses into wiring funds to the enterprise. In total, the scheme stole and laundered more than $100 million from dozens of victims. After stealing the money, the fraud proceeds were laundered to West Africa. The defendant is scheduled to be sentenced in June 2026. Taiwan Indicts 62 People for Cyber Scams — Prosecutors in Taipei indicted 62 people and 13 companies for their involvement in cyber scam operations organized throughout Asia by the Prince Group. Chen Zhi, the founder of the Prince Group, was indicted by U.S. prosecutors last year on money laundering charges. Taipei prosecutors said those associated with Prince Group laundered at least $339 million into Taiwan and used the stolen funds to buy 24 properties, 35 vehicles, and other assets amounting to approximately $1.7 million. In all, authorities seized about $174 million in cash and assets. Prince Group "effectively controlled 250 offshore companies in 18 countries, holding 453 domestic and international financial accounts. By creating fictitious transaction contracts between these offshore companies, the group laundered money through foreign exchange channels," they added. Ransomware Actors Use AzCopy — Ransomware operators are ditching the usual tools like Rclone for Microsoft's own AzCopy, turning a trusted Azure utility into a stealthy data exfiltration mechanism and blending into normal activity. "The adoption of AzCopy and other familiar tools by attackers represents a similar logic to living-off-the-land in the final and most critical phase of an operation: exfiltrating data out of an organization," Varonis said. "Spinning up an Azure storage account takes minutes and requires only a credit card or compromised credentials. The attacker gains the benefits of Microsoft's global infrastructure while security teams struggle to distinguish between malicious uploads and legitimate traffic." Threat Actors Exploit Critical Flaw in WPEverest Plugin — Threat actors are exploiting a critical security flaw in WPEverest's User Registration & Membership plugin (CVE-2026-1492, CVSS score: 9.8) to create rogue administrator accounts. The vulnerability affects all versions of User Registration & Membership through 5.1.2. The issue has been addressed in version 5.1.3. Wordfence said the plugin is susceptible to improper privilege management, which enables the creation of bogus admin accounts. "This is due to the plugin accepting a user-supplied role during membership registration without properly enforcing a server-side allowlist," it said. "This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to create administrator accounts by supplying a role value during membership registration." MuddyWater Evolves Its Tactics — The Iranian hacking group known as MuddyWater has been observed leveraging Shodan and Nuclei to identify potential vulnerable targets, as well as using subfinder and ffuf to perform enumeration of target web applications. The findings come from an analysis of the threat actor's VPS server hosted in the Netherlands. MuddyWater is also said to be attempting to scan and/or exploit recently disclosed CVEs related to BeyondTrust (CVE-2026-1731), Ivanti (CVE-2026-1281), n8n (CVE-2025-68613), React (CVE-2025-55182), SmarterMail (CVE-2025-52691), Laravel Livewire (CVE-2025-54068), N-Central (CVE-2025-9316), Citrix NetScaler (CVE-2025-5777), Langflow (CVE-2025-34291), and Fortinet (CVE-2024-55591, CVE-2024-23113, CVE-2022-42475), along with SQL injection vulnerabilities in BaSalam and an unspecified Postgres development platform for initial access. One of the custom tools identified in the server is KeyC2, a command-and-control (C2) framework that allows operators to remotely control compromised Windows machines over a custom binary protocol on port 1269 from a Python script. Two C2 tools used by the adversary are PersianC2, which relies on standard HTTP polling to receive commands and files via JSON API endpoints, and ArenaC2, a Python-based program that operates over HTTP POST requests. Also detected is a PowerShell loader that leads to the execution of obfuscated Node.js payloads that appear similar to Tsundere Botnet. The infrastructure is assessed to have been used to target entities in Israel, Egypt, Jordan, the U.A.E., and the U.S. Some aspects of the activity overlap with Operation Olalampo. 2,622 Valid Certificates Exposed — A new study undertaken by Google and GitGuardian found over a million unique private keys leaked across GitHub and Docker Hub, out of which 40,000 were mapped to 140,000 real TLS certificates. "As of September 2025, 2,600 of these certificates were valid, with more than 900 actively protecting Fortune 500 companies, healthcare providers, and government agencies," GitGuardian said. "Our disclosure campaign achieved 97% remediation, but at the cost of 4,300 emails sent, 1,706 entities contacted, 9 bug bounty submissions, countless follow-ups, and days of meticulous attribution work employing multiple OSINT techniques. The high success rate masks the extraordinary effort required to protect organizations that fail to protect themselves." Context7 MCP Server Suffers from ContextCrush — A critical security flaw in Upstash's Context7 MCP Server, a widely used tool for delivering documentation to AI coding assistants, has been discovered. Dubbed ContextCrush, the vulnerability could allow attackers to inject malicious instructions into AI development tools through a trusted documentation channel. Noma Security, which disclosed details of the flaw, said it's rooted within the platform's "Custom Rules" feature, which allows library maintainers to provide AI-specific instructions to help assistants better interpret documentation. "Context7 operates both as the registry, where anyone can publish and manage library documentation, and as the trusted delivery mechanism that pushes content directly into the AI agent's context," security researcher Eli Ainhorn said. "The attacker never needs to reach the victim's machine. Instead, the attacker can plant malicious custom rules in Context7's registry, and Context7’s infrastructure delivers them through the MCP server to the AI agent running in the developer's IDE. As agents are execution machines and run whatever is loaded into their context, all the victim’s agent does is execute the attacker's instructions on the victim’s machine, using its own tool access (Bash, file read/write, network). In this scenario, the agent has no way to distinguish between legitimate documentation and attacker-controlled content because they arrive through the same trusted channel and from the same trusted source." German Court Sentences Key Person Behind Call Center Scam — A German court has sentenced a suspected central figure in the so-called Milton Group call-center fraud network to seven-and-a-half years in prison. Although the court did not publicly name the defendant, court records reviewed by the Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project (OCCRP) indicate the person convicted was Mikheil Biniashvili, a citizen of Georgia and Israel. In addition to the prison sentence, the court ordered the confiscation of €2.4 million ($2.8 million) linked to the operation. Between 2017 and 2019, the defendant ran a call-center operation in Albania that used trained agents to persuade victims to invest in fraudulent online trading schemes. The scheme caused losses of about €8 million ($9.4 million) to victims, mostly in German-speaking countries. The operation employed up to 600 people at its peak. Call-center agents allegedly posed as investment advisers, building trust with targets before persuading them to deposit funds into fake trading platforms controlled by the network by promising large investment returns. Biniashvili was arrested in Armenia in 2023 and extradited to Germany in 2024. Multiple Flaws in Avira Internet Security — Three vulnerabilities have been disclosed in Avira Internet Security that could allow for arbitrary file deletion (CVE-2026-27748) in the Software Updater component, an insecure deserialization (CVE-2026-27749) in System Speedup, and an arbitrary folder deletion over TOCTOU (CVE-2026-27748) in the Optimizer. "The file delete primitive is useful on its own," Quarkslab said. "The other two both result in Local Privilege Escalation to SYSTEM." Russian Ransomware Operator Pleads Guilty in U.S. — Evgenii Ptitsyn, a 43-year-old Russian national, has pleaded guilty in a U.S. court to running the Phobos ransomware outfit that targeted more than 1,000 victims globally and extorted ransom payments worth over $39 million. Ptitsyn was extradited from South Korea in November 2024. "Beginning in at least November 2020, Ptitsyn and others conspired to engage in an international computer hacking and extortion scheme that victimized public and private entities through the deployment of Phobos ransomware," the Justice Department said. "As part of the scheme, Ptitsyn and his co-conspirators developed and offered access to Phobos ransomware to other criminals or 'affiliates' to encrypt victims' data and extort ransom payments from victims. The administrators operated a darknet website to coordinate the sale and distribution of Phobos ransomware to co-conspirators and used online monikers to advertise their services on criminal forums and messaging platforms." Ptitsyn faces a maximum penalty of 20 years in prison for wire fraud charges. Fake Google Security Check Leads to RAT — A bogus website resembling the Google Account security page is being used to deliver a Progressive Web App (PWA) capable of harvesting one-time passcodes and cryptocurrency wallet addresses, and proxying attacker traffic through victims' browsers. "Disguised as a routine security checkup, it walks victims through a four-step flow that grants the attacker push notification access, the device's contact list, real-time GPS location, and clipboard contents – all without installing a traditional app," Malwarebytes said. "For victims who follow every prompt, the site also delivers an Android companion package introducing a native implant that includes a custom keyboard (enabling keystroke capture), accessibility-based screen reading capabilities, and permissions consistent with call log access and microphone recording." Phishing Campaign Abuses Google Infrastructure — A new email phishing campaign is leveraging legitimate Google infrastructure to bypass standard security filters. The activity uses Google Cloud Storage (GCS) to host initial phishing URLs that, when clicked, redirect unsuspecting users to a malicious site designed to capture their financial information or deploy malware. "By hosting the initial link on Google's servers, the attackers ensure the email passes authentication checks like SPF and DKIM," security researcher Anurag Gawande said. Client-Side Injection Conducts Ad Fraud — A new malicious client-side injection originating from a malicious browser extension impersonating Microsoft Clarity has been found to overwrite referral tokens to redirect affiliate revenue to unknown threat actors. "A browser extension is injecting obfuscated JavaScript from msclairty[.]com, a typosquatted domain impersonating Microsoft Clarity," c/side's Simon Wijckmans said. "The domain is not serving analytics. It is delivering an obfuscated JavaScript payload that performs affiliate cookie stuffing, tracking cookie deletion, and Fetch API hijacking inside the visitor's browser. This prevents a competing tracking service from recording the real traffic source. The attacker does not just want credit for the visit. They actively block other trackers from capturing any attribution data that would conflict with their fraudulent cookie." The script has affected sites across multiple unrelated sectors, including transportation, SaaS platforms, sports management, and government payment portals. Impacted visitors primarily span Chrome versions 132, 138, and 145, and originate from U.S.-based IP addresses on the East and West coasts. Illinois Man Charged with Hacking Snapchat Accounts to Steal Nudes — U.S. prosecutors have charged a 26-year-old Illinois man, Kyle Svara, with conducting a phishing operation that made it possible to break into the Snapchat accounts of approximately 570 women to steal private photos and sell them online. "From at least May 2020 to February 2021, Svara used social engineering and other resources to collect his targets' emails, phone numbers, and/or Snapchat usernames," the Justice Department said. "He then used those means of identification to access his targets' Snapchat accounts, which prompted Snap Inc. to send account security codes to those women. Using anonymized phone numbers, Svara posed as a representative of Snap Inc. and sent more than 4,500 text messages to hundreds of women, requesting those Snapchat access codes." Svara is alleged to have accessed the Snapchat accounts of at least 59 women without permission to download their nude or semi-nude images and sell them on internet forums. Meta Sued Over AI Smart Glasses' Privacy Concerns — Meta is facing a new class action lawsuit over its AI-powered Ray-Ban Meta glasses, following a report from Swedish newspapers Svenska Dagbladet and Goteborgs-Posten that employees at Kenya-based subcontractor Sama are reviewing intimate, personal footage filmed from customers' glasses. Meta said subcontracted workers might sometimes review content captured by its AI smart glasses for the purpose of improving the "experience," as stated in its Privacy Policy. It also claimed that data is filtered to protect people's privacy. But the investigation found that this step did not always consistently work. "Unless users choose to share media they've captured with Meta or others, that media stays on the user's device," Meta told BBC News. "When people share content with Meta AI, we sometimes use contractors to review this data for the purpose of improving people's experience, as many other companies do." Total Ransomware Payments Stagnated in 2025 — The total ransomware payments in 2025 stagnated, even if the number of attacks increased. According to blockchain analysis firm Chainalysis, total on-chain ransomware payments fell by approximately 8% to $820 million in 2025, even as claimed attacks rose 50%. "While aggregate revenue stagnated, the median ransom payment grew 368% year-over-year to nearly $60,000," the company said. "The 2025 total is likely to approach or exceed $900 million as we attribute more events and payments, just as our 2024 total grew from our initial $813 million estimate this time last year." The decline in payment rates from 63% in 2024 to just 29% last year indicates that fewer victims are yielding to attackers' ransom demands, it added. The development comes amid increased fragmentation of the ransomware ecosystem and threat actors shifting towards more stealthy methods, such as defense evasion and persistence techniques, to prioritize data theft and prolonged, low-noise access. Mobile Blockchain Wallet Found Vulnerable to Severe Flaws — An unnamed mobile blockchain wallet app for Android has been found susceptible to two independent severe vulnerabilities, allowing untrusted deep links to trigger sensitive wallet flows and trick users into approving phishing-driven transactions, as well as retain cryptographic private keys from the device despite deleting an account. This meant that an attacker with later device access could re-import the account using its public address and regain full signing authority without re-entering the keys. According to LucidBit Labs, the vulnerabilities have been patched by the developer. "The main strength of crypto wallets lies in their cryptographic foundations," security researcher Assaf Morag said. "However, when these wallets are implemented as user-facing applications, the overall orchestration of the system becomes just as critical as the cryptography itself. As the saying goes, a system’s security posture is defined by its weakest link. In this case, the two vulnerabilities demonstrate how flaws at the application layer can undermine the entire security model, despite the strength of the underlying cryptography." Kubernetes RCE Via Nodes/Proxy GET Permission — New research has identified an authorization bypass in Kubernetes Role-based access control (RBAC) that allows a service account with nodes/proxy GET permissions to execute commands in any Pod in the cluster. The issue exploits a bug in how Kubernetes API servers handle WebSocket connections. "Nodes/proxy GET allows command execution when using a connection protocol such as WebSockets," security researcher Graham Helton said. "This is due to the Kubelet making authorization decisions based on the initial WebSocket handshake's request without verifying CREATE permissions are present for the Kubelet's /exec endpoint, requiring different permissions depending solely on the connection protocol. The result is anyone with access to a service account assigned nodes/proxy GET that can reach a Node's Kubelet on port 10250 can send information to the /exec endpoint, executing commands in any Pod, including privileged system Pods, potentially leading to a full cluster compromise." The Kubernetes project has declined to address the issue, stating its intended behavior. However, it's expected to release Fine-Grained Kubelet API Authorization (KEP-2862) next month to address the attack. "A targeted patch would require coordinated changes across multiple components with special-case logic," Edera said. "This is the kind of complexity that could lead to future vulnerabilities. Once KEP-2862 reaches GA and sees adoption, nodes/proxy can be deprecated for monitoring use cases." Other Key Stories on the Radar — The Israeli government is working on the country's first cybersecurity law, the U.S. National Security Agency (NSA) published Zero Trust Implementation Guidelines (ZIGs) to help organizations safeguard sensitive data, systems, and services against sophisticated cyber threats, Google Project Zero found multiple vulnerabilities that could be used to bypass a new Windows 11 feature called Administrator Protection and obtain admin privileges, threat actors are continuing to abuse Microsoft Teams functionality by leveraging guest invitations and phishing-themed team names to impersonate billing and subscription notifications, and a loader named PhantomVAI has been used in the wild over the past year to deploy other payloads, such as Remcos RAT, XWorm, AsyncRAT, DarkCloud, and SmokeLoader. 🔧 Cybersecurity Tools DetectFlow → It is an open-source detection pipeline from SOC Prime that matches streaming log events against Sigma rules in real time — before they ever reach your SIEM. Instead of relying on your SIEM to do the heavy lifting, it tags and enriches events in-flight using Apache Kafka and Flink, then passes the results downstream to wherever you need them. Built on 11 years of detection intelligence, it's designed for teams who want faster detection, more rule coverage, and less dependency on SIEM-imposed limits. ADTrapper → It is an open-source platform that analyzes Windows Active Directory authentication logs and flags threats using 54+ built-in detection rules — covering everything from brute force to AD CS attacks. It runs in Docker, deploys with one command, and supports SharpHound data for deeper AD analysis. Disclaimer: For research and educational use only. Not security-audited. Review all code before use, test in isolated environments, and ensure compliance with applicable laws. Conclusion That's your week. A lot happened. Some of it was bad, some of it was worse, and a little bit of it was actually good. The scoreboard is messy, like it always is. Same time next week — and if history is any guide, we'll have plenty more to talk about. Stay patched, stay skeptical, and maybe don't click that link.
thehackernews.comMar 9, 2026extracted
⚡ Weekly Recap: SD-WAN 0-Day, Critical CVEs, Telegram Probe, Smart TV Proxy SDK and More
This week is not about one big event. It shows where things are moving. Network systems, cloud setups, AI tools, and common apps are all being pushed in different ways. Small gaps in access control, exposed keys, and normal features are being used as entry points. The pattern becomes clear only when you see everything together. Faster scans, smarter misuse of trusted services, and steady targeting of high-value sectors. Each story adds context. Reading them all gives a fuller picture of how today’s threat landscape is evolving. ⚡ Threat of the Week Cisco SD-WAN Zero-Day Exploited — A newly disclosed maximum-severity security flaw in Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Controller (formerly vSmart) and Catalyst SD-WAN Manager (formerly vManage) has come under active exploitation in the wild as part of malicious activity that dates back to 2023. The vulnerability, tracked as CVE-2026-20127 (CVSS score: 10.0), allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to bypass authentication and obtain administrative privileges on an affected system by sending a crafted request. Cisco credited the Australian Signals Directorate's Australian Cyber Security Centre (ASD-ACSC) for reporting the vulnerability. The networking equipment major is tracking the exploitation and subsequent post-compromise activity under the moniker UAT-8616, describing the cluster as a "highly sophisticated cyber threat actor." Control Your AI Agents Before They Control You Airia is the governance and orchestration layer for enterprise AI. Monitor drift, enforce policy, optimize inference cost, and generate audit-ready evidence—so your AI scales securely, compliantly, and profitably. Request a Demo ➝ 🔔 Top News Anthropic Accuses 3 Chinese Firms of Distillation Attacks — Anthropic accused three Chinese AI firms of engaging in concerted "industrial-scale" distillation attack campaigns aimed at extracting information from its model, making it the latest American tech firm to level such claims after OpenAI issued similar complaints. DeepSeek, Moonshot AI, and MiniMax are said to have flooded Claude with large volumes of specially-crafted prompts to elicit responses to train their own proprietary models. Last month, OpenAI submitted an open letter to U.S. legislators, claiming to have observed activity "indicative of ongoing attempts by DeepSeek to distill frontier models of OpenAI and other U.S. frontier labs, including through new, obfuscated methods." The disclosure renewed a debate over training data sources and distillation techniques, with some criticizing the company for training its own systems using copyrighted material without permission. "Anthropic is guilty of stealing training data at a massive scale and has had to pay multibillion-dollar settlements for their theft," xAI CEO Elon Musk said. Google Disrupts UNC2814 GRIDTIDE Campaign — Google disclosed that it worked with industry partners to disrupt the infrastructure of a suspected China-nexus cyber espionage group tracked as UNC2814 that breached at least 53 organizations across 42 countries. The tech giant described UNC2814 as a prolific, elusive actor that has a history of targeting international governments and global telecommunications organizations across Africa, Asia, and the Americas. Central to the hacking group's operations is a novel backdoor dubbed GRIDTIDE that abuses Google Sheets API as a communication channel to disguise C2 traffic and facilitate the transfer of raw data and shell commands. Chinese cyber espionage groups have consistently prioritized the telecommunication sector as a target precisely because of the access their networks provide to sensitive data and lawful intercept infrastructure. Thousands of Public Google Cloud API Keys Exposed with Gemini Access — New research has found that Google Cloud API keys, typically designated as project identifiers for billing purposes, could be abused to authenticate to sensitive Gemini endpoints and access private data. The problem occurs when users enable the Gemini API on a Google Cloud project (i.e., Generative Language API), causing the existing API keys in that project, including those accessible via the website JavaScript code, to gain surreptitious access to Gemini endpoints without any warning or notice. With a valid key, an attacker can access uploaded files, cached data, and even rack up LLM usage charges, Truffle Security said. The issue has since been plugged by Google. UAT-10027 Targets U.S. Education and Healthcare Sectors — A previously undocumented threat activity cluster known as UAT-10027 has been attributed to an ongoing malicious campaign targeting education and healthcare sectors in the U.S. since at least December 2025. The end goal of the attacks is to deliver a never-before-seen backdoor codenamed Dohdoor. "Dohdoor utilizes the DNS-over-HTTPS (DoH) technique for command-and-control (C2) communications and has the ability to download and execute other payload binaries reflectively," Cisco Talos said. Analysis of the campaign has revealed no evidence of data exfiltration to date. Although no final payloads have been observed other than what appears to be the Cobalt Strike Beacon to backdoor into the victim's environment, it's believed that UAT-10027's actions are likely driven by financial gain based on the victimology pattern. Claude Code Flaws Allow Remote Code Execution and API Key Exfiltration — Security vulnerabilities in Anthropic Claude Code could have allowed attackers to remotely execute code on users' machines and steal API keys by injecting malicious configurations into repositories, and then waiting for an unsuspecting developer to clone and open an untrustworthy project. The vulnerabilities were addressed between September 2025 and January 2026. "The ability to execute arbitrary commands through repository-controlled configuration files created severe supply chain risks, where a single malicious commit could compromise any developer working with the affected repository," Check Point said. "The integration of AI into development workflows brings tremendous productivity benefits, but also introduces new attack surfaces that weren't present in traditional tools." ️🔥 Trending CVEs New vulnerabilities surface daily, and attackers move fast. Reviewing and patching early keeps your systems resilient. Here are this week’s most critical flaws to check first — CVE-2025-40538, CVE-2025-40539, CVE-2025-40540, CVE-2025-40541 (SolarWinds Serv-U), CVE-2026-20127, CVE-2026-20122, CVE-2026-20126, CVE-2026-20128 (Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN), CVE-2026-25755 (jsPDF), CVE-2025-12543 (HPE Telco Service Activator), CVE-2026-22719, CVE-2026-22720, CVE-2026-22721 (Broadcom VMware Aria Operations), CVE-2026-3061, CVE-2026-3062, CVE-2026-3063 (Google Chrome), CVE-2025-10010 (CryptoPro Secure Disk for BitLocker), CVE-2025-13942, CVE-2025-13943, CVE-2026-1459 (Zyxel), CVE-2025-71210, CVE-2025-71211 (Trend Micro Apex One), CVE-2026-0542 (ServiceNow AI Platform), CVE-2026-24061 (telnetd), CVE-2026-21902 (Juniper Networks Junos OS), CVE-2025-29631, CVE-2025-1242 (Gardyn Home Kit), CVE-2025-15576 (FreeBSD), CVE-2026-26365 (Akamai), CVE-2026-27739 (Angular), and SVE-2025-50109 (Samsung Tizen OS). 🎥 Cybersecurity Webinars Automating Real-World Security Testing to Prove What Actually Works → This webinar explains why one-time security assessments are no longer enough and shows how organizations can automate continuous, real-world testing of their defenses to uncover gaps and measure how well controls hold up against actual attack techniques. When AI Agents Become Your New Attack Surface → This webinar explains that as AI tools turn into autonomous agents that can browse, call APIs, and access internal systems, the security risk expands beyond the model to the entire environment they operate in, requiring stricter access controls, monitoring, and system-level safeguards rather than model testing alone. Quantum Is Coming: Preparing for the End of Today’s Encryption → This webinar explains how future quantum computers could break today’s encryption, why “harvest now, decrypt later” attacks are a real risk, and what practical steps organizations can take now to begin shifting to post-quantum cryptography. 📰 Around the Cyber World UNC6384 Drops New PlugX Variant — IIJ-SECT and LAB52 have detailed new activity from the Chinese cyber espionage group UNC6384. The attacks follow a known modus operandi of using STATICPLUGIN, a digitally signed downloader, to deliver updated versions of PlugX using DLL side-loading. The malicious payloads are distributed via phishing emails with meeting invitation lures or through fake software updates. OpenAI Takes Action Against ChatGPT Accounts Used for Harmful Purposes — OpenAI said it took down ChatGPT accounts used for influence operations, phishing, and malware development. This included a possible Chinese intelligence operation in which an individual associated with Chinese law enforcement used the AI tool for covert influence operations against domestic and foreign adversaries. The company also acted against clusters conducting reconnaissance about U.S. persons and federal building locations, online romance scams, and Russian influence operations across Africa by generating social media posts and long-form commentary articles. "Unusually, this scam network combined manual ChatGPT prompting and an automated AI chatbot to try to entrap its targets," OpenAI said about the scam operation running out of Cambodia. Some of these scams targeted Indonesian loveseekers. Other scams used ChatGPT to create content that purported to come from fictitious law firms, as well as impersonate real attorneys and U.S. law enforcement as part of a recovery scam targeting fraud victims. AI-Induced Lateral Movement — New research from Orca Security has highlighted how AI can become a "third dimension" in the world of lateral movement, after network and identity, allowing attackers to expand their reach. "By injecting prompt injections in overlooked fields that are fetched by AI agents, hackers can trick LLMs, abuse Agentic tools, and carry out significant security incidents," Orca said. "LLMs don’t truly understand the difference between data and instructions, and when tool output is fed back into the model, it can be interpreted as something to act on. Which opens a window to AI-induced Lateral Movement (AILM) activities." Russia Launches Probe into Telegram CEO — Russian authorities launched a criminal investigation of Telegram founder and CEO Pavel Durov. He is allegedly charged with promoting and facilitating terrorist activity on the messaging platform by failing to respond to law enforcement takedown requests. Russian officials have accused Durov of choosing a "path of violence and permissiveness" by not cooperating with its law enforcement agencies, according to the Rossiyskaya Gazeta. The move comes after Russia began restricting access to Telegram in the country in favor of MAX. Last month, Durov called it an "attempt to force its citizens to switch to a state-controlled app built for surveillance and political censorship." Hacked Prayer App Sends Surrender Messages — According to reports from The Wall Street Journal and WIRED, unidentified hackers seized control of an Iranian prayer app during a joint U.S.-Israeli attack to send messages urging the Iranian military to lay down their weapons and promising amnesty if they surrendered. The messages were sent in the form of push notifications to the BadeSaba Calendar app. It's currently not clear who is behind the hack. The app has been downloaded more than 5 million times from the Google Play Store. Following the U.S.-Israel war on Iran, the government shut down all internet access in the country. Smart TVs Turned Into AI Content Scrapers — Several smart TV app makers are deploying a new SDK named Bright SDK that lets users see fewer ads but also stealthily turns their TV into a node in a global proxy network that crawls and scrapes the web. Bright Data, the company behind the SDK, claims to operate more than 150 million residential proxy IP addresses spanning 195 countries. Multiple Stealer Malware Families Detected — Multiple information stealer families have been detected in the wild. This includes Arkanix, CharlieKirk GRABBER, ComSuon, DarkCloud, MawaStealer, and MioLab (NovaStealer). Kaspersky's analysis of Arkanix has revealed that it was likely developed as an LLM-assisted experiment, shrinking development time and costs. While Arkanix was promoted on underground forums in October 2025, the malware-as-a-service (MaaS) appears to have been taken down towards the end of 2025. The findings demonstrate continued demand for off-the-key stealer malware, creating an ecosystem that enables other threat actors to purchase stealer logs for obtaining initial access to targets. "Raw Infostealer logs are meticulously filtered by corporate domain, packaged, and sold to initial access brokers and attackers specifically looking for frictionless entry points into high-value corporate networks," Hudson Rock said. The development has been complemented by underground networks turning into cybercrime marketplaces, complete with reputation systems, escrow, and specialist vendors, Varonis added. "One operator runs infostealers across thousands of machines. Another extracts and sorts the credentials. A third sells curated access," security researcher Daniel Kelley said. "A fourth deploys the ransomware. Each person focuses on what they do best, and the ecosystem has become ruthlessly efficient." Chilean National Extradited to U.S. to Face Financial Fraud Crimes — Alex Rodrigo Valenzuela Monje (aka VAL4K), a 24-year-old Chilean national, has been extradited to the U.S. over his alleged role in running a cybercrime operation that involved the trafficking of payment card data. The defendant is accused of trafficking stolen credit card numbers and information for over 26,500 credit cards. "From at least May 2021 to August 2023, Valenzuela Monje operated an illegal online card shop, selling dumps of unauthorized access devices through Telegram channels," the U.S. Justice Department said. "He allegedly operated the channels known as MacacoCC Collective and Novato Carding, offering payment card data for virtually all U.S. payment cards." New FUNNULL Infrastructure Discovered — QiAnXin has flagged new infrastructure associated with FUNNULL, a Philippines-based content delivery network (CDN) sanctioned last year by the U.S. Treasury for facilitating cyber scam operations. "Previously, their main method was to poison existing public CDN services; now they have evolved to independently develop complete server-side attack suites (RingH23), actively infiltrating CDN nodes, demonstrating a significant improvement in control and technical sophistication," QiAnXin XLab said. Two independent supply chain infection channels have been identified: the compromise of maccms.la to distribute a malicious PHP backdoor through its update channel, and the compromise of the GoEdge CDN management node to implant an infection module, and deploy the proprietary RingH23 attack suite to all edge nodes via SSH remote commands. The campaign has compromised 10,748 unique IP addresses, predominantly video streaming sites. Spike in Scans for SonicWall Devices — GreyNoise said it detected a spike in scans for SonicWall devices originating from the infrastructure of a known proxy provider. The activity started on February 22, 2026, and scanned for exposed SonicWall SSL VPNs. A total of 84,142 scanning sessions targeting SonicWall SonicOS infrastructure were observed between February 22 and February 25, 2026. The scanning came from 4,305 unique IP addresses across 20 autonomous systems. "Ninety-two percent of sessions probed a single API endpoint to determine whether SSL VPN is enabled — the prerequisite check before credential attacks," GreyNoise said. "A commercial proxy service delivered 32% of campaign volume through 4,102 rotating exit IPs in two surgical bursts totaling 16 hours." Google Removes 115 Android Apps Tied to Ad Fraud — A new ad fraud operation dubbed Genisys involved hijacking Android devices to run malicious activity in the background. The activity leveraged a set of 115 apps that stealthily opened websites inside hidden browser windows to generate ad display revenue for their creators. More than 500 domains were generated using AI tools to serve the ads. "They appear as generic blogs, news-style sites, and informational properties produced at scale, built not to attract real audiences but to receive and monetize fraudulent traffic," Integral Ads said. The apps have since been removed by Google. The findings build on another mobile ad fraud scheme called Arcade in which mobile apps generated hidden in-app browser activity to load websites in the background and convert mobile-origin activity into web traffic. Zerobot Exploits Flaws in n8n and Tenda Routers — A Mirai-based IoT botnet named Zerobot has been observed exploiting vulnerabilities in the n8n AI automation platform (CVE-2025-68613) and Tenda routers (CVE-2025-7544) to expand its reach. The activity was first detected in January 2026. "Targeting of the n8n vulnerability is particularly interesting: Botnets typically exploit Internet of Things (IoT) devices, such as security cameras, DVRs, and routers, but n8n falls into an entirely different category," Akamai said. "Although this isn’t entirely new behavior for botnets, this sort of targeting presents a greater danger to organizations by exposing more critical infrastructure to compromise as the n8n exploit could enable lateral movement for a threat actor." Various ClickFix Campaigns Spotted — Threat hunters disclosed multiple ClickFix campaigns, including one leading to a hands-on-keyboard attack that deployed the Termite ransomware. The attack has been attributed to a group known as Velvet Tempest (DEV-0504). Another ClickFix campaign, codenamed OCRFix, used websites impersonating the Tesseract OCR tool as a launchpad for delivering malware that uses EtherHiding to retrieve the C2 server, send system information, and await further instructions. A third campaign has been found employing fake GitHub repositories impersonating software companies and leveraging ClickFix to social-engineer victims into installing infostealers, such as SHub Stealer v2.0. GTFire Phishing Scheme Detailed — A phishing campaign dubbed GTFire is abusing Google Firebase to host phishing pages and Google Translate to disguise the malicious URLs and bypass email and web security filters. "By chaining these services together, the attackers create phishing links that appear benign, leverage Google’s reputation, and dynamically redirect victims to brand‑impersonating login pages," Group-IB said. "Once credentials are submitted and harvested, victims are often redirected back to the legitimate website of the targeted organization, reducing suspicion and delaying incident response." The campaign is estimated to have harvested thousands of stolen credentials associated with more than a thousand organizations, spanning over a hundred countries and hundreds of industries. The threat actor behind the operation has been active since at least January 1, 2022. Mexico, the U.S., Spain, India, and Argentina are among the prominent targets. C77L Ransomware Targets Russia — A ransomware operation called C77L has been tied to at least 40 attacks on Russian and Belarusian enterprises since March 2025. The group is assessed to be operating out of Iran. Initial access to target networks is accomplished via weak passwords for publicly available RDP and VPN endpoints. "The targets of attacks are Windows systems due to their overwhelming predominance in the IT infrastructures of medium and small businesses," F6 said. RESURGE Malware Can Be Dormant on Infected Ivanti Devices — The U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) updated its original alert for RESURGE, a piece of malware deployed as part of exploitation activity targeting a now-patched security flaw in Ivanti Connect Secure (ICS) appliances. The agency said "RESURGE has sophisticated network-level evasion and authentication techniques, leveraging advanced cryptographic methods and forged TLS certificates to facilitate covert communications," adding "RESURGE can remain latent on systems until a remote actor attempts to connect to the compromised device." 30 Members of The Com Arrested — A coordinated law enforcement operation led by Europol detained 30 individuals connected to an underground online community known as The Com. The operation, launched in January 2025, has been codenamed Project Compass. An additional 179 members were also identified as part of the investigation. The Com is the name assigned to a loose-knit cybercrime collective that has been linked to online doxxing, harassment, threats of violence, extortion, sexual exploitation, phishing, SIM swapping, ransomware, and other digital crimes. Europol described The Com as a decentralized extremist network. U.K. Government Cuts Cyber Attack Fix Times by 84% — The U.K. government has claimed it has reduced its backlog of critical vulnerabilities by 75% and reduced cyber attack fix times by 87%. Serious security weaknesses in public sector websites are fixed six times faster, cutting the average time from nearly two months to just over a week, the U.K. government said in an update published on 26 February. Poland Dismantles Organized Crime Group — Poland's Central Bureau for Combating Cybercrime (CBZC) dismantled an organized group that used phishing to take control of Facebook accounts and extract BLIK payment codes from victims. Eleven members of an organized criminal group operating in Poland and Germany between May 2022 and May 2024 were identified. Six suspects have been placed in pretrial detention as part of the investigation, and over 100,000 credentials were seized. The group used "phishing techniques to obtain login details for Facebook accounts, and then gained access to them and used instant messaging to extort BLIK codes from other users of the portal," CBZC said. Hacker Exploits Clade to Target Mexican Government Sites — An unknown hacker exploited Anthropic's Claude chatbot to carry out attacks against Mexican government agencies, according to a report by Gambit Security. "Within a month of the initial compromise, ten government bodies and one financial institution were affected, approximately 195 million identities exposed, and roughly 150GB of data exfiltrated: tax records, civil registry files, voter data," the company said. "The attacker even built an automated system that forges official government tax certificates using live data. It was orchestrated by an individual actor directing AI to operate as a nation-state-level team of operators and analysts." The operation ran on more than 1,000 prompts and regularly passed information to OpenAI's GPT-4.1 for analysis. The breach began in late December 2025 and continued for about a month. Anthropic has since disrupted the activity and banned all of the accounts involved. The attacks haven't been attributed to a specific group. 🔧 Cybersecurity Tools Titus → It is an open-source tool from Praetorian that scans code, files, repositories, and traffic to find leaked credentials like API keys and tokens. It uses hundreds of pattern rules and can check whether a detected secret is actually active. You can run it as a command-line tool, use it inside other tools as a Go library, or use it as extensions in Burp Suite or a browser to uncover credential leaks in different workflows. Sirius → It is an open-source vulnerability scanning platform on GitHub that automates network and system security checks to find weaknesses and risks in infrastructure. It combines community-driven security data with automated tests, runs within containers, and gives operators a unified view of vulnerabilities to prioritize remediation. Disclaimer: These tools are provided for research and educational use only. They are not security-audited and may cause harm if misused. Review the code, test in controlled environments, and comply with all applicable laws and policies. Conclusion Viewed one by one, these incidents seem contained. Seen together, they show how risk now flows across connected systems that organizations rely on daily. Infrastructure, AI platforms, cloud services, and third-party tools are deeply intertwined, and strain in one area often exposes another. The takeaway is clarity, not alarm. Adversaries are improving efficiency, scaling access, and operating inside normal processes. Reading through each report helps map that shift and understand how the broader environment is changing.
thehackernews.comMar 2, 2026extracted
Massive npm infection: the Shai-Hulud worm and patient zero
Introduction The modern development world is almost entirely dependent on third-party modules. While this certainly speeds up development, it also creates a massive attack surface for end users, since anyone can create these components. It is no surprise that malicious modules are becoming more common. When a single maintainer account for popular modules or a single popular dependency is compromised, it can quickly turn into a supply chain attack. Such compromises are now a frequent attack vector trending among threat actors. In the last month alone, there have been two major incidents that confirm this interest in creating malicious modules, dependencies, and packages. We have already discussed the recent compromise of popular npm packages. September 16, 2025 saw reports of a new wave of npm package infections, caused by the self-propagating malware known as Shai-Hulud. Shai-Hulud is designed to steal sensitive data, expose private repositories of organizations, and hijack victim credentials to infect other packages and spread on. Over 500 packages were infected in this incident, including one with more than two million weekly downloads. As a result, developers who integrated these malicious packages into their projects risk losing sensitive data, and their own libraries could become infected with Shai-Hulud. This self-propagating malware takes over accounts and steals secrets to create new infected modules, spreading the threat along the dependency chain. Technical details The worm’s malicious code executes when an infected package is installed. It then publishes infected releases to all packages the victim has update permissions for. Once the infected package is installed from the npm registry on the victim’s system, a special command is automatically executed. This command launches a malicious script over 3 MB in size named bundle.js, which contains several legitimate, open-source work modules. Key modules within bundle.js include: Library for interacting with AWS cloud services GCP module that retrieves metadata from the Google Cloud Platform environment Functions for TruffleHog, a tool for scanning various data sources to find sensitive information, specifically secrets Tool for interacting with the GitHub API The JavaScript file also contains network utilities for data transfer and the main operational module, Shai-Hulud. The worm begins its malicious activity by collecting information about the victim’s operating system and checking for an npm token and authenticated GitHub user token in the environment. If a valid GitHub token is not present, bundle.js will terminate. A distinctive feature of Shai-Hulud is that most of its functionality is geared toward Linux and macOS systems: almost all malicious actions are performed exclusively on these systems, with the exception of using TruffleHog to find secrets. Exfiltrating secrets After passing the checks, the malware uses the token mentioned earlier to get information about the current GitHub user. It then runs the extraction function, which creates a temporary executable bash script at /tmp/processor.sh and runs it as a separate process, passing the token as an argument. Below is the extraction function, with strings and variable names modified for readability since the original source code was illegible. The bash script is designed to communicate with the GitHub API and collect secrets from the victim’s repository in an unconventional way. First, the script checks if the token has the necessary permissions to create branches and work with GitHub Actions. If it does, the script gets a list of all the repositories the user can access from 2025. In each of these, it creates a new branch named shai-hulud and uploads a shai-hulud-workflow.yml workflow, which is a configuration file for describing GitHub Actions workflows. These files are automation scripts that are triggered in GitHub Actions whenever changes are made to a repository. The Shai-Hulud workflow activates on every push. This file collects secrets from the victim’s repositories and forwards them to the attackers’ server. Before being sent, the confidential data is encoded twice with Base64. This unusual method for data collection is designed for a one-time extraction of secrets from a user’s repositories. However, it poses a threat not only to Shai-Hulud victims but also to ordinary researchers. If you search for “shai-hulud” on GitHub, you will find numerous repositories that have been compromised by the worm. The main bundle.js script then requests a list of all organizations associated with the victim and runs the migration function for each one. This function also runs a bash script, but in this case, it saves it to /tmp/migrate-repos.sh, passing the organization name, username, and token as parameters for further malicious activity. The bash script automates the migration of all private and internal repositories from the specified GitHub organization to the user’s account, making them public. The script also uses the GitHub API to copy the contents of the private repositories as mirrors. We believe these actions are intended for the automated theft of source code from the private repositories of popular communities and organizations. For example, the well-known company CrowdStrike was caught in this wave of infections. The worm’s self-replication After running operations on the victim’s GitHub, the main bundle.js script moves on to its next crucial stage: self-replication. First, the script gets a list of the victim’s 20 most downloaded packages. To do this, it performs a search query with the username from the previously obtained npm token: Next, for each of the packages it finds, it calls the updatePackage function. This function first attempts to download the tarball version of the package (a .TAR archive). If it exists, a temporary directory named npm-update-{target_package_name} is created. The tarball version of the package is saved there as package.tgz, then unpacked and modified as follows: The malicious bundle.js is added to the original package. A postinstall command is added to the package.json file (which is used in Node.js projects to manage dependencies and project metadata). This command is configured to execute the malicious script vianode bundle.js . The package version number is incremented by 1. The modified package is then re-packed and published to npm as a new version with the npm publish command. After this, the temporary directory for the package is cleared. Uploading secrets to GitHub Next, the worm uses the previously mentioned TruffleHog utility to harvest secrets from the target system. It downloads the latest version of the utility from the original repository for the specific operating system type using the following link: The worm also uses modules for AWS and Google Cloud Platform (GCP) to scan for secrets. The script then aggregates the collected data into a single object and creates a repository named “Shai-Hulud” in the victim’s profile. It then uploads the collected information to this repository as a data.json file. Below is a list of data formats collected from the victim’s system and uploaded to GitHub: Infection characteristics A distinctive characteristic of the modified packages is that they contain an archive named package.tar. This is worth noting because packages usually contain an archive with a name that matches the package itself. Through our research, we were able to identify the first package from which Shai-Hulud began to spread, thanks to a key difference. As we mentioned earlier, after infection, a postinstall command to execute the malicious script, node bundle.js, is written to the package.json file. This command typically runs immediately after installation. However, we discovered that one of the infected packages listed the same command as a preinstall command, meaning it ran before the installation. This package was ngx-bootstrap version 18.1.4. We believe this was the starting point for the spread of this infection. This hypothesis is further supported by the fact that the archive name in the first infected version of this package differed from the name characteristic of later infected packages (package.tar). While investigating different packages, we noticed that in some cases, a single package contained multiple versions with malicious code. This was likely possible because the infection spread to all maintainers and contributors of packages, and the malicious code was then introduced from each of their accounts. Infected libraries and CrowdStrike The rapidly spreading Shai-Hulud worm has infected many popular libraries that organizations and developers use daily. Shai-Hulud has infected over 500 popular packages in recent days, including libraries from the well-known company CrowdStrike. Among the infected libraries were the following: @crowdstrike/commitlint versions 8.1.1, 8.1.2 @crowdstrike/falcon-shoelace versions 0.4.1, 0.4.2 @crowdstrike/foundry-js versions 0.19.1, 0.19.2 @crowdstrike/glide-core versions 0.34.2, 0.34.3 @crowdstrike/logscale-dashboard versions 1.205.1, 1.205.2 @crowdstrike/logscale-file-editor versions 1.205.1, 1.205.2 @crowdstrike/logscale-parser-edit versions 1.205.1, 1.205.2 @crowdstrike/logscale-search versions 1.205.1, 1.205.2 @crowdstrike/tailwind-toucan-base versions 5.0.1, 5.0.2 But the event that has drawn significant attention to this spreading threat was the infection of the @ctrl/tinycolor library, which is downloaded by over two million users every week. As mentioned above, the malicious script exposes an organization’s private repositories, posing a serious threat to their owners, as this creates a risk of exposing the source code of their libraries and products, among other things, and leading to an even greater loss of data. Prevention and protection To protect against this type of infection, we recommend using a specialized solution for monitoring open-source components. Kaspersky maintains a continuous feed of compromised packages and libraries, which can be used to secure your supply chain and protect development from similar threats. For personal devices, we recommend Kaspersky Premium, which provides multi-layered protection to prevent and neutralize infection threats. Our solution can also restore the device’s functionality if it’s infected with malware. For corporate devices, we advise implementing a comprehensive solution like Kaspersky Next, which allows you to build a flexible and effective security system. This product line provides threat visibility and real-time protection, as well as EDR and XDR capabilities for investigation and response. It is suitable for organizations of any scale or industry. Kaspersky products detect the Shai-Hulud threat as HEUR:Worm.Script.Shulud.gen. In the event of a Shai-Hulud infection, and as a proactive response to the spreading threat, we recommend taking the following measures across your systems and infrastructure: Use a reliable security solution to conduct a full system scan. Audit your GitHub repositories: Check for repositories named shai-hulud . Look for non-trivial or unknown branches, pull requests, and files. Audit GitHub Actions logs for strings containing shai-hulud . Reissue npm and GitHub tokens, cloud keys (specifically for AWS and Google Cloud Platform), and rotate other secrets. Clear the cache and inventory your npm modules: check for malicious ones and roll back versions to clean ones. Check for indicators of compromise, such as files in the system or network artifacts. Indicators of compromise Files: bundle.js shai-hulud-workflow.yml Strings: shai-hulud Hashes: C96FBBE010DD4C5BFB801780856EC228 78E701F42B76CCDE3F2678E548886860 Network artifacts: https://webhook.site/bb8ca5f6-4175-45d2-b042-fc9ebb8170b7 Compromised packages: @ahmedhfarag/ngx-perfect-scrollbar @ahmedhfarag/ngx-virtual-scroller @art-ws/common @art-ws/config-eslint @art-ws/config-ts @art-ws/db-context @art-ws/di @art-ws/di-node @art-ws/eslint @art-ws/fastify-http-server @art-ws/http-server @art-ws/openapi @art-ws/package-base @art-ws/prettier @art-ws/slf @art-ws/ssl-info @art-ws/web-app @basic-ui-components-stc/basic-ui-components @crowdstrike/commitlint @crowdstrike/falcon-shoelace @crowdstrike/foundry-js @crowdstrike/glide-core @crowdstrike/logscale-dashboard @crowdstrike/logscale-file-editor @crowdstrike/logscale-parser-edit @crowdstrike/logscale-search @crowdstrike/tailwind-toucan-base @ctrl/deluge @ctrl/golang-template @ctrl/magnet-link @ctrl/ngx-codemirror @ctrl/ngx-csv @ctrl/ngx-emoji-mart @ctrl/ngx-rightclick @ctrl/qbittorrent @ctrl/react-adsense @ctrl/shared-torrent @ctrl/tinycolor @ctrl/torrent-file @ctrl/transmission @ctrl/ts-base32 @nativescript-community/arraybuffers @nativescript-community/gesturehandler @nativescript-community/perms @nativescript-community/sentry @nativescript-community/sqlite @nativescript-community/text @nativescript-community/typeorm @nativescript-community/ui-collectionview @nativescript-community/ui-document-picker @nativescript-community/ui-drawer @nativescript-community/ui-image @nativescript-community/ui-label @nativescript-community/ui-material-bottom-navigation @nativescript-community/ui-material-bottomsheet @nativescript-community/ui-material-core @nativescript-community/ui-material-core-tabs @nativescript-community/ui-material-ripple @nativescript-community/ui-material-tabs @nativescript-community/ui-pager @nativescript-community/ui-pulltorefresh @nstudio/angular @nstudio/focus @nstudio/nativescript-checkbox @nstudio/nativescript-loading-indicator @nstudio/ui-collectionview @nstudio/web @nstudio/web-angular @nstudio/xplat @nstudio/xplat-utils @operato/board @operato/data-grist @operato/graphql @operato/headroom @operato/help @operato/i18n @operato/input @operato/layout @operato/popup @operato/pull-to-refresh @operato/shell @operato/styles @operato/utils @teselagen/bio-parsers @teselagen/bounce-loader @teselagen/file-utils @teselagen/liquibase-tools @teselagen/ove @teselagen/range-utils @teselagen/react-list @teselagen/react-table @teselagen/sequence-utils @teselagen/ui @thangved/callback-window @things-factory/attachment-base @things-factory/auth-base @things-factory/email-base @things-factory/env @things-factory/integration-base @things-factory/integration-marketplace @things-factory/shell @tnf-dev/api @tnf-dev/core @tnf-dev/js @tnf-dev/mui @tnf-dev/react @ui-ux-gang/devextreme-angular-rpk @ui-ux-gang/devextreme-rpk @yoobic/design-system @yoobic/jpeg-camera-es6 @yoobic/yobi ace-colorpicker-rpk airchief airpilot angulartics2 another-shai browser-webdriver-downloader capacitor-notificationhandler capacitor-plugin-healthapp capacitor-plugin-ihealth capacitor-plugin-vonage capacitorandroidpermissions config-cordova cordova-plugin-voxeet2 cordova-voxeet create-hest-app db-evo devextreme-angular-rpk devextreme-rpk ember-browser-services ember-headless-form ember-headless-form-yup ember-headless-table ember-url-hash-polyfill ember-velcro encounter-playground eslint-config-crowdstrike eslint-config-crowdstrike-node eslint-config-teselagen globalize-rpk graphql-sequelize-teselagen json-rules-engine-simplified jumpgate koa2-swagger-ui mcfly-semantic-release mcp-knowledge-base mcp-knowledge-graph mobioffice-cli monorepo-next mstate-angular mstate-cli mstate-dev-react mstate-react ng-imports-checker ng2-file-upload ngx-bootstrap ngx-color ngx-toastr ngx-trend ngx-ws oradm-to-gql oradm-to-sqlz ove-auto-annotate pm2-gelf-json printjs-rpk react-complaint-image react-jsonschema-form-conditionals react-jsonschema-form-extras react-jsonschema-rxnt-extras remark-preset-lint-crowdstrike rxnt-authentication rxnt-healthchecks-nestjs rxnt-kue swc-plugin-component-annotate tbssnch teselagen-interval-tree tg-client-query-builder tg-redbird tg-seq-gen thangved-react-grid ts-gaussian ts-imports tvi-cli ve-bamreader ve-editor verror-extra voip-callkit wdio-web-reporter yargs-help-output yoo-styles
securelist.comSep 25, 2025extracted
Why React Didn't Kill XSS: The New JavaScript Injection Playbook
React conquered XSS? Think again. That's the reality facing JavaScript developers in 2025, where attackers have quietly evolved their injection techniques to exploit everything from prototype pollution to AI-generated code, bypassing the very frameworks designed to keep applications secure. Full 47-page guide with framework-specific defenses (PDF, free). JavaScript conquered the web, but with that victory came new battlefields. While developers embraced React, Vue, and Angular, attackers evolved their tactics, exploiting AI prompt injection, supply chain compromises, and prototype pollution in ways traditional security measures can’t catch. A Wake-up Call: The Polyfill.io Attack In June 2024, a single JavaScript injection attack compromised over 100,000 websites in the biggest JavaScript injection attack of the year. The Polyfill.io supply chain attack, where a Chinese company acquired a trusted JavaScript library and weaponized it to inject malicious code, affected major platforms including Hulu, Mercedes-Benz, and WarnerBros. This wasn't an isolated incident targeting vulnerable forms or outdated systems. This was a sophisticated injection that turned websites' own security tools against them, proving that traditional JavaScript defenses have become dangerously obsolete. The Threat Landscape Has Changed Gone are the days when a simple innerHTML sanitization could keep your app secure. Today's attackers are leveraging: Supply chain compromises targeting your favorite npm packages Prototype pollution attacks that can hijack your entire object model AI-driven prompt injections that trick LLMs into generating malicious code DOM-based XSS in single-page applications that bypass server-side protections The numbers tell the story: 22,254 CVEs were reported by mid-2024, a 30% jump from 2023 and 56% increase from 2022. With 98% of websites using JavaScript client-side and 67.9% of developers relying on it as their primary language, the attack surface has never been larger. What Makes This Different Most security guides still focus on decade-old attack patterns. This comprehensive analysis breaks down modern threats with a defense-in-depth approach that prioritizes protections by impact: For real-world code samples and a prioritized roadmap, see the full guide The Framework Reality Check Even modern frameworks aren't bulletproof: This React code looks safe but isn't – // 🚨 Vulnerable: unsanitized input Better approach with proper sanitization - // ✅ Secure: React component with DOMPurify Why it matters: dangerouslySetInnerHTML bypasses React's built-in XSS protection by directly injecting HTML into the DOM. When user content contains malicious scripts, they execute immediately in the victim's browser, potentially: Stealing authentication cookies and session tokens Performing actions on behalf of the user Redirecting to malicious sites Keylogging sensitive information DOMPurify sanitizes HTML by parsing the content and removing any potentially malicious elements while preserving safe formatting tags like , , , etc. The Banking Sector Under Siege The financial industry has become prime target for sophisticated JavaScript injection attacks. In March 2023, IBM uncovered a malware campaign that targeted over 40 banks across the Americas, Europe, and Japan, compromising more than 50,000 individual user sessions. The attack leveraged advanced JavaScript web injections that detect specific page structures used by banking platforms, then dynamically inject malicious scripts to steal user credentials and one-time password tokens. What made this campaign particularly dangerous was its adaptive behavior, the malware constantly communicated with command-and-control servers, adjusting its tactics in real-time based on page states and security detection attempts. Using sophisticated obfuscation techniques, the malware could patch functions to remove traces of its presence and avoid execution when security products were detected, proving that traditional JavaScript defenses are no match for modern, dynamically evolving threats. The Store Raw, Encode on Output Principle One of the guide's most practical insights reinforces a fundamental security best practice: always store raw data and encode based on output context. This approach: Store raw, unencoded data in your database Apply context-specific encoding at render time based on where data appears Use different encoding methods for each output context (HTML entities for HTML content, JavaScript escaping for JS contexts, URL encoding for URLs, CSS escaping for stylesheets) This context-aware encoding approach prevents double-encoding issues, maintains data integrity, and ensures proper protection regardless of how the data is eventually displayed, something any TypeScript developer building robust domain models will appreciate. The key insight is that the same user input might need HTML encoding when displayed in a div, JavaScript escaping when used in a script tag, and URL encoding when used in a link parameter. WebAssembly Security Considerations While WebAssembly offers performance benefits and sandboxing, it's important to understand its security implications. The guide examines how Wasm introduces specific considerations that developers should be aware of: Source code vulnerabilities carry over: Memory-unsafe languages like C/C++ compiled to Wasm retain their original vulnerability patterns (buffer overflows, use-after-free, etc.) Reduced transparency: The binary format makes security auditing more challenging compared to readable JavaScript source Novel attack surfaces: Side-channel attacks through timing analysis and potential VM escape vectors, though these remain largely theoretical WebAssembly's sandboxed execution model does provide strong isolation, but like any technology, it requires thoughtful implementation and shouldn't be viewed as an automatic security upgrade from JavaScript. Emerging AI Threats As LLMs become integrated into web applications, a new attack vector has emerged: prompt injection attacks. Malicious users craft prompts that trick AI models into generating JavaScript code that executes on the client side, a completely new category of injection vulnerability. You can learn more about it in the full guide. The Bottom Line Modern JavaScript security isn't about implementing a checklist, it's about understanding how attackers think and building layered defenses that adapt to evolving threats. Whether you're building with React, Angular, or Vue, the fundamental principle remains: never trust client-side code, always validate server-side, and encode based on context. The complete guide provides implementation examples for all major frameworks, practical code samples, and a prioritized approach that helps teams tackle the most critical vulnerabilities first.
thehackernews.comJul 29, 2025extracted
npm 'accidentally' removes Stylus package, breaks builds and pipelines
npm has taken down all versions of the real Stylus library and replaced them with a "security holding" page, breaking pipelines and builds worldwide that rely on the package. A security placeholder webpage is typically displayed when malicious packages and libraries are removed by the admins of npmjs.com, the world's largest software registry primarily used for JavaScript and Node.js development. But that isn't quite the case for Stylus: a legitimate library receiving 3 million weekly downloads and providing an expressive way for devs to generate CSS. Stylus 'accidentally banned by npmjs' As of a few hours ago, npmjs has removed all versions of the Stylus package and published a "security holding package" page in its place. "Stylus was accidentally banned by npmjs," earlier stated Stylus developer Lei Chen in a GitHub issue. The project maintainer is "currently waiting for npmjs to restore access to Stylus." "I am the current maintainer of Stylus. The Stylus library has been flagged as malicious..., which has caused many [libraries] and frameworks that depend on Stylus to fail to install," also posted Chen on X (formerly Twitter). "Please help me retweet this msg in the hope that the npmjs official team will take notice of this issue." Stylus' original npmjs page (shown below) indicates that the legitimate library is a "revolutionary new language" for CSS development and nets close to 3 million downloads weekly. Surely enough, developers of different projects relying on Stylus chimed in: "My builds are failing so my software updates don't publish because this administrative error," posted one developer. Packages like typescript-plugin-css-modules (downloaded up to 500,000 times weekly) also rely on Stylus, noted full-stack developer Chanuka Asanka: "Pipelines are failing. Does anyone know whether npm/yarn provides any early notice when they are going to do such thing?" "I was deploying Frappe/ERPNext like I usually do with the CI/CD pipeline and it failed suddenly," wrote a Docker developer in a Frappe forums thread. Singapore-based developer Haseeb Elahi cautioned that Stylus "is dependency of the official Angular 12 package. I am sure thousands of Angular builds are broken." And, he is not wrong. Angular CLI's GitHub repository had users share their error logs after builds started breaking due to the now-non-existent Stylus dependency. What really happened? Typically, packages are taken down on npm for violating one or more of their open source terms of service, and fairly commonly for containing malicious code. But that is not the case for Stylus—all versions of which appear to be clean and functional. Tom Abai, a security researcher at supply chain security firm Mend.io, has it figured out. While investigating the development, Abai confirmed that at least the most recent version (0.64.0) of Stylus was "clean," but something odd stood out in connection with the package: "...one weird thing came [up] in our investigation, and that this owner panyakor..., that looks like he was part of the stylus npm package owners, published 3 malicious packages last week..." wrote Abai. npmjs.com, like many open source development platforms, allows multiple maintainers to be listed for and contribute to a package. While Chen may be the primary developer of Stylus, there are other npm accounts listed under maintainers. "Panya, who is one of the maintainers of the stylus package, published them, and because of that, his account was banned, and all the packages that were connected to him were yanked, including the Stylus one. So that's the story here. A big false alarm by NPM," states Abai. BleepingComputer further confirmed that the npm account 'panya' was indeed listed among maintainers on npmjs.com for Stylus as well as the 3 packages listed in Abai's post that are otherwise unrelated to Stylus. The packages flagged by Abai: @pwa-ib/eslint-plugin-compat, @blocks-shared/desktop-title, @tui-react-internal/select-account-icon, published by 'panya', now require authentication to access on the npmjs.com registry and are therefore restricted from the public view. BleepingComputer was, however, able to obtain and peek into these packages, and we can confirm Abai's findings. For example, the "extract.js" file in @blocks-shared/desktop-title is a proof-of-concept dependency confusion exploit that the industry has seen several times by now: According to supply chain security firm Socket, npm account 'panya' had been a maintainer for (and/or published) at least 12 packages in the past: At the time of writing, though, the account has no packages listed under it, indicating that the registry likely purged all of its PoC exploits and removed Stylus in the process, by accident. What can you do? Luckily, the Stylus developer and the open source community members have shared detailed tips in the meantime for npm and yarn developers relying on Stylus to maintain access to the library and restore their builds. npm developers can opt to reference the stylus package "dynamically by specifying a branch, tag, or commit hash in the dependencies section of package.json," states Chen, such as: { "dependencies": { "stylus": "github:stylus/stylus#version-you-need" } } Using overrides is another option for npm developers: "You can override the stylus package version used by other dependencies by specifying it in the overrides section (supported in npm v8.3.0 and later)" { "overrides": { "stylus": "github:stylus/stylus#version-you-need" } } "Note: Ensure the specified tag, branch, or commit (e.g., 0.54.4) exists in the stylus/stylus repository. Clear the npm cache (npm cache clean --force) if you encounter issues with outdated dependencies." To summarize, Chen reiterates: "Stylus does not contain malicious code; this has been confirmed. npmmirror.com (a non-profit mirror sponsored by Alibaba) has resumed access [to the library]. It is unclear whether this is a coincidence, but a tool called Stylus Tools component has been reported to have a CVE. Panya (the former maintainer of Stylus) used their own account to release a package containing malicious code (for security research purposes? I am unsure), but did not release a new version of Stylus containing malicious code. We are awaiting official action from npmjs. Yes, we are waiting for them to handle it. A workaround has been provided in the comments. Please apply it as needed." "Some personal thoughts: if your company has been affected by Stylus, you need to reevaluate the relationship between npmjs and npm mirror and design a more reliable development process," wrote the maintainer. BleepingComputer approached the npm registry and its parent organization, GitHub, for comment before publishing, but we were only referred to the now-withdrawn advisory that had earlier referred to Stylus as malware. Chen, however, acknowledged receiving a response from the organization and that it was working on restoring access to the project: "Thanks for taking the time to let us know. It appears a maintainer associated with the stylus package published a malicious package which resulted in the account being suspended and associated packages being removed. Our engineers are currently working on restoring stylus, we will update you when this has been completed. Please let us know if we can help in any other way. Regards, GitHub Trust & Safety" In the past, open source developers have made headlines for breaking builds by pulling their libraries from registries over disagreements or outright corrupting their code in protest. This incident marks the first notable instance of a registry taking down an entire legitimate project in what appears to be an administrative error. Update, 23-Jul-2025 10:40 AM ET: Added excerpt from email response sent to Chen by GitHub. Update, 23-Jul-2025 04:25 PM ET: Added link to now-withdrawn GitHub advisory. Overall prevention scores can hide what happens after initial access. Once attackers are using valid credentials, prevention drops sharply. The Blue Report 2026 measures defenses technique by technique across 338 million simulations run in customer production environments. Get the report
bleepingcomputer.comJul 23, 2025extracted